A survey is conducted on 700 Californians older than 30 years of age. The study wants to obtain inference on the relationship between years of education and yearly income in dollars. The response variable is income in dollars and the explanatory variable is years of education. A simple linear regression model is fit, and the output from R is below:

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### Study on the Relationship Between Education and Yearly Income in Californians Over 30

A survey is conducted on 700 Californians older than 30 years of age. The study aims to obtain inference on the relationship between years of education and yearly income in dollars. The response variable is income in dollars, and the explanatory variable is years of education.

A simple linear regression model is fit, and the output from R is below:

```R
lm(formula = Income ~ Education, data = CA)
```

**Coefficients:**

|              | Estimate | Std. Error | t value | Pr(>|t|)            |
|--------------|----------|------------|---------|---------------------|
| (Intercept)  | 25200.25 | 1488.94    | 16.93   | 3.08e-10 ***        |
| Education    | 2905.35  | 112.61     | 25.80   | 1.49e-12 ***        |

**Additional Model Information:**

- **Residual standard error:** 32400 on 698 degrees of freedom
- **Multiple R-squared:** 0.7602

**Explanation of Results:**

- **Intercept (25200.25):** This is the estimated income (in dollars) for a person with zero years of education.
- **Education (2905.35):** This coefficient indicates the increase in yearly income (in dollars) for each additional year of education. In this case, each additional year of education corresponds to an increase of approximately $2905.35 in yearly income.
  
**Significance Codes:**

The significance codes indicate the statistical significance of the coefficients. Generally, the smaller the p-value, the stronger the evidence against the null hypothesis, suggesting that the coefficient is not zero and the variable has a meaningful impact on the response variable.

- '***': p-value < 0.001 : Highly significant
Transcribed Image Text:### Study on the Relationship Between Education and Yearly Income in Californians Over 30 A survey is conducted on 700 Californians older than 30 years of age. The study aims to obtain inference on the relationship between years of education and yearly income in dollars. The response variable is income in dollars, and the explanatory variable is years of education. A simple linear regression model is fit, and the output from R is below: ```R lm(formula = Income ~ Education, data = CA) ``` **Coefficients:** | | Estimate | Std. Error | t value | Pr(>|t|) | |--------------|----------|------------|---------|---------------------| | (Intercept) | 25200.25 | 1488.94 | 16.93 | 3.08e-10 *** | | Education | 2905.35 | 112.61 | 25.80 | 1.49e-12 *** | **Additional Model Information:** - **Residual standard error:** 32400 on 698 degrees of freedom - **Multiple R-squared:** 0.7602 **Explanation of Results:** - **Intercept (25200.25):** This is the estimated income (in dollars) for a person with zero years of education. - **Education (2905.35):** This coefficient indicates the increase in yearly income (in dollars) for each additional year of education. In this case, each additional year of education corresponds to an increase of approximately $2905.35 in yearly income. **Significance Codes:** The significance codes indicate the statistical significance of the coefficients. Generally, the smaller the p-value, the stronger the evidence against the null hypothesis, suggesting that the coefficient is not zero and the variable has a meaningful impact on the response variable. - '***': p-value < 0.001 : Highly significant
**Question:**
Assume someone can have 0 years of education. Does the intercept have a useful interpretation? And if so, what is that interpretation?

**Answer Options:**
1. ( ) No useful interpretation.
2. ( ) Yes, it is the estimated expected income of someone with 1 year of education.
3. ( ) Yes, it is the estimated expected income of someone with 0 years of education.
4. ( ) Yes, it is the estimated expected income of someone with the most years of education.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** Assume someone can have 0 years of education. Does the intercept have a useful interpretation? And if so, what is that interpretation? **Answer Options:** 1. ( ) No useful interpretation. 2. ( ) Yes, it is the estimated expected income of someone with 1 year of education. 3. ( ) Yes, it is the estimated expected income of someone with 0 years of education. 4. ( ) Yes, it is the estimated expected income of someone with the most years of education.
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