(a) Standard Ag1 solution was prepared by dissolving 1.224 3 g of dry AgNO3 (FM 169.87) in water in a 500.0-mL volumetric flask. A dilution was made by delivering 25.00 mL of solution with a pipet to a second 500.0-mL volumetric flask and diluting to the mark. Find the concentration of Ag1 in the dilute solution. (b) A 25.00-mL aliquot of unknown containing Cl2 was titrated with the dilute Ag1 solution, and the equivalence point was reached when 37.38 mL of Ag1 solution had been delivered. Find the concentration of Cl2 in the unknown.

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Basic Chemical Calculations (Process and Variables)

A basic chemical calculation involves the application of the law of chemical proportions to various reactions and material and energy balance calculations on various chemical processes. Basic chemical calculation helps students analyze various chemical processes and develop problem-solving skills. The chemical manufacturing processes are divided into unit operations involving physical changes of material and unit processes involving the chemical transformation of materials. For instance, fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer are unit operations, and oxidation, reduction, and pyrolysis are unit processes.