A random sample of 871 students between the ages of 20 and 24 at a large midwestern university completed a survey including questions about their sleep quality, moods, academic performance, physical health, and psychoactive drug use. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with students scoring less than or equal to 5 on the index classified as optimal sleepers, those scoring a 6 or 7 classified as borderline, and those scoring over 7 classified as poor sleepers. The table looks at the relationship between sleep quality classification and the use of over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription (Rx) stimulant medication more than once a month to help keep awake. Sleep Quality on PSQI Index Optimal Use of OTC/Rx Meds to Wake < 1x/Month Borderline Рoor Yes 37 53 84 No 266 186 245 To access the complete data set, click the link for your preferred software format: Excel Minitab JMP SPSS TI R Mac-TXT PC-TXT CSv CrunchIt! What do the data say about differences in sleep quality for those who use over-the-counter or prescription stimulant medication more than once a month to keep awake and those who don't? Those who use medications are more likely to have optimal sleep quality and less likely to have poor sleep quality than those who do not use medications. Those who use medications are less likely to have optimal sleep quality and more likely to have poor sleep quality than those who do not use medications.
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
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