A prospective cohort study wasconducted to assess the impact of aparticular environmental exposure.The investigators enrolled 3000participants, 1000 who had beenexposed and 2000 who had not, andfollowed them for four years. Ten ofthe exposed participants and 10 of theunexposed participants werediagnosed with leukemia during thestudy.The risk of leukemia is:1) Higher in those that wereexposed2) The same for both groups3) Higher for those notexposed4) cannot be determinedfrom the informationprovided

Given that, A prospect cohort study was conducted to assess the impact of a particular environmental…

Answered: A prospective cohort study was…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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For each of the following epidemiological scenarios, draw a DAG that represents the relationships between the variables: A researcher is studying the association between experiencing childhood abuse (A) and the occurrence of depression (D) as an adult. She has reason to believe that alcohol consumption (C) may mediate the relationship between (A) and (D).
A study prospectively examined whether sleep-disordered breathing was associated with an increased risk of death from any cause in a cohort of 600 adults participating in the Sleep Heart Health Study. Study participants were classified into four groups depending on the extent of their sleep-disordered breathing (none, mild, moderate, or severe). The counts of deaths over the course of the study are reported for each group in the following two-way table. Mild Severe 100 Death No Death Total None 40 100 140 40 100 140 Moderate 20 100 120 Total 200 400 600 100 200 We want to know whether the study findings give evidence of a significant difference of the number of deaths between the different groups. Set up the alternative hypothesis (H, : The distribution of the categorical variable is not as given by the null hypothesis (lack of fit) At least ones of the means is different from the others O The two categorical variables are dependent The distribution of the categorical variable is not…
In a study of 301 Hispanic women living in San Antonia, Texas, one variable of interest was the percentage of subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). IFG refers to a metabolic stage intermediate between normal glucose homeostasis and diabetes. In the study, 24 women were classified in the IFG stage. The article cites population estimates for IFG among Hispanic women in Texas as 6.3%. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate the population of Hispanic women in San Antonio has a prevalence of IFG higher than 6.3%? Use 95% confidence level and the p -value method to form your conclusion. Choose the correct null and alternative hypothesis.
A pharmaceutical company is testing the effectiveness of its vaccine across two different age brackets. They take a sample and split the participants up into two separate groups. Group A consists of 44 people who are between ages 13 and 18. Group B consists of 58 people between ages 19 and 26. After being administered the vaccine, it was found that 37 people from group A were immune to the virus and 42 people from group B were immune. What proportion of people from Group A were immune? What proportion of people from Group B were immune? What proportion of people in this study were immune?
A study prospectively examined whether sleep-disordered breathing was associated with an increased risk of death from any cause in a cohort of 600 adults participating in the Sleep Heart Health Study. Study participants were classified into four groups depending on the extent of their sleep-disordered breathing (none, mild, moderate, or severe). The counts of deaths over the course of the study are reported for each group in the following two-way table. Death No Death Total None 40 100 140 Mild 40 100 140 Moderate 20 100 120 Severe 100 100 200 Total 200 400 600 We want to know whether the study findings give evidence of a significant difference of the number of deaths between the different groups. The observed test statistic is 3.610 42.857 5.476 8.075
A Journal published longitudinal study of hearing impairment in a group of elderly patients with intellectual disabilities. The hearing function of each patient was screened each year over a 10 - year period. At the study's conclusion, the hearing loss of each patient was categorized as severe, moderate, mild, or none. The classification of the 28 surviving patients are summarized in the following table. Hearing loss Number of Patients None 7 Mild 7 Moderate 9 Severe 5 Total 28 Conduct a test to determine whether the trueproportions of intellectually disabled elderly patients in each ofthe hearing-loss categories differ. Use a 5% significance level. We are doing this on a Ti84 plus Calculator.
To study the effectiveness of possible treatments for insomnia, a sleep researcher conducted a study in which four participants were instructed to count sheep (the Sheep Condition), four were told to concentrate on their breathing (the Breathing Condition), and four were not given any special instructions. The average number of minutes taken for each participant to fall asleep over the next seven days were 14, 28, 27, and 31 minutes for the Sheep condition; 25, 22, 17, and 14 minutes for those in the Breathing condition; and 45, 33, 30, and 41 for the Control condition. Using the .05 significance level, did the different techniques have different effects? What is the null hypothesis? What is the research hypothesis?
You also conducted a review of the research literature and found that similar studies examining the relationship between alcohol consumption and liver cancer found the following: Smithson et al. RR 3.3 (95% CI:1.95-5.20) Ribera et al. RR 2.1 (95% CI:1.17-3.33) Gonzalez et al. RR 2.75 (95% CI 2.26-3.45) Which one of Hill’s criteria does this illustrate? Explain.
Among the literature on quitting smoking are data detailing the relative successfulness of people of different ages in quitting smoking. A study of 400 adults who began various smoking-cessation programs produced the data in the table below. In the table, each participant is classified according to two variables: length of their smoking cessation period ("Less than two weeks", "Between two weeks and one year", or "At least one year") and age ("21-34", or "35 and over"). In the table, "less than two weeks" means that the individual returned to smoking within two weeks of beginning the program; "between two weeks and one year" means that the individual lasted the first two weeks without smoking but retuned to smoking within a year; and "at least one year" means that the individual has not smoked for at least a year since beginning the program. The table is a contingency table whose cells contain the respective observed frequencies of classifications of the 400 smokers. In addition, three…

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