A property is underlain by a 10m thick clay layer that undergoes consolidation. The consolidation coefficient is 1 x 10^(-8)m^2/s. The clay layer drains to a sand layer above and sits on top of impermeable bedrock. How long will it take (in years, rounding to the nearest year, with 3.1557 x 10^8 seconds/year) to reach 90% of the total expected settlement for this layer?

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.