Question 4 The construction of a light factory increases the vertical stress in an underlying clay layer by 120 kN/m² throughout the thickness of the layer. The key consolidation characteristics of the clay are shown in the Fig.Q4. J. a) Find the ultimate settlement of the factory. b) How long will the building take to settle 0.025m? c) How much of the settlement will have occurred after 1 month? 4m Clay layer 120 kPa my = 2x104 m²/kN C₁ = 1.35m²/year Fig.Q4

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.