A layer of normally consolidated, saturated silty clay of 1 m thickness is subjected to one dimensional consolidation under a pressure increment of 20 kPa. The properties of the soil are: specific gravity = 2.7, natural moisture content = 45%, compression index = 0.45, and recompression index = 0.05. The initial average effective stress within the layer is 100 kPa. Assuming Terzaghi's theory to be applicable, the primary consolidation settlement (rounded off to the nearest mm) is %3D %3D

A layer of normally consolidated, saturated silty clay of 1 m thickness is subjected to one dimensional consolidation under a pressure increment of 20 kPa. The properties of the soil are: specific gravity = 2.7, natural moisture content = 45%, compression index = 0.45, and recompression index = 0.05. The initial average effective stress within the layer is 100 kPa. Assuming Terzaghi's theory to be applicable, the primary consolidation settlement (rounded off to the nearest mm) is %3D %3D

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Consolidation parameters

Consolidation is the process of expulsion of pore water present in the voids of soil solids under the pressure of the applied load. This is a quick process in the case of coarse-grained soils since the permeability is high due to the presence of more voids, while it is a slow and gradual process in the case of clayey soil as the permeability of clay is less. An example of consolidation is the settlement of soil under a building due to the load coming from the building.

Question

A layer of normally consolidated, saturated silty clay of 1 m thickness
is subjected to one dimensional consolidation under a pressure
increment of 20 kPa. The properties of the soil are: specific gravity =
2.7, natural moisture content = 45%, compression index = 0.45, and
recompression index = 0.05. The initial average effective stress within
the layer is 100 kPa. Assuming Terzaghi's theory to be applicable, the
primary consolidation settlement (rounded off to the nearest mm) is
%3D
%3D

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A site is underlain by a saturated clay layer with thickness = 5m. A sample extracted from the center of the clay layer was recently tested for consolidation parameters. The results indicate that the compression index is 0.33, the recompression index is 0.09, and the void ratio is 1.2. The results also indicate that the layer is normally consolidated. Calculate the preconsolidation stress of the clay. Express your answer in kPa. Note: this is a short problem; read the problem statement carefully. Use unit water weight = 10 kN/m3.
Q#3: For a normally consolidated clay layer in the field, the following values are given. Thickness of clay layer = 2.6 m Compression index = 0.28 Average effective pressure on clay layer 127 KN/m² Secondary compression index = 0.02 Δσ’ = 46.5 KN/m² Void ratio = 0.8 Time of Primary settlement = 1.5 years What is the total consolidation of the clay layer five years after the primary consolidation settlement?
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Take a look at the figure below. Estimate the primary consolidation settlement in the clay layer. The increase in stress is 85 kN/m2, H1 = 2m, H2 = 4m and H3 = 6m. Soil characteristics are as follows:• Sand: e = 0.65; Gs = 2.66• Clay: LL = 54; e = 0.98; Gs = 2.74; pre-consolidation stress = 150 kN/m2; Cs = Cc/6
The figure below shows the soil profile at a site where you plan to lower the water table. You have results from two consolidation tests, one from the upper 12 ft thick overconsolidated crust, and another from the lower 40 ft thick normally consolidated zone. You plan to lower the water table from its current 12 ft depth to 25 ft below ground surface. The consolidation properties for each layer are shown. (Assume that changes in GWT do not affect γt of clay). a. Compute the σ′v in the middle of each layer before and after the water table is lowered b. Determine the total settlement that will result from lowering the water table
4. A normally consolidated clay layer is 3 m thick (one way drainage). From the application of a given pressure, the total anticipated primary consolidation settlement will be 80 mm. a. What is the average degree of consolidation for the clay layer when the settlement is 25 mm? b. If the average value of Cv for the pressure range is 0.002 cm²/sec, how long in days will it take for 50% settlement to occur? Tso= 0.197. How long in days will it take for 50% consolidation to occur if the clay layer is drained at top and bottom? C.
The saturated NC clay is 8 meters deep. The moisture content is 40% and the specific gravity is 2.5. If we know that loading increased the effective stress in the middle of the layer by 270 kpa, then answer the following questions. (cc = 0.2, Cs = 0.05) 1. Calculate the settlement after the consolidation. 2. Calculate the void ratio after consolidation. 3. Calculate the volume compressibility coefficient in terms of Kpa 4. If we unload the load that we applied, calculate the swelling and final void ratio. 5. If the effective stress increases after loading the soil again by 570 Kpa in the middle of the soil layer, calculate the consolidation settlement.
A stratum of clay1.80 meters thick below an incompressible soil will be subjected to a stress increase of 36 kPa at the center of the layer. The magnitude of the pre-construction soil overburden pressure is 68 kPa at the center of the layer. A laboratory compression tests indicates that the clay is overconsolidated with a preconsolidation pressure equal to 80kPa. The value of the compression index, Cc=0.30 and the swell index is 0.05. The void ratio of the clay is 1.50. Determine the settlement of the clay layer due to this condition.
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