Take a look at the figure below. Estimate the primary consolidation settlement in the clay layer. The increase in stress is 85 kN/m2, H1 = 2m, H2 = 4m and H3 = 6m. Soil characteristics are as follows: • Sand: e = 0.65; Gs = 2.66 • Clay: LL = 54; e = 0.98; Gs = 2.74; pre-consolidation stress = 150 kN/m2; Cs = Cc/6

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Q: a (kN/m?) 0.92 150 300 0.77 O Cingage Leaming 20

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Q: Question attached

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.