A person has a cough and flu-like symptoms and gets a PCR test for COVID-19, which comes back positive. What is the likelihood that they actually have COVID-19, as opposed to a regular cold or flu? Let’s say that the local rate of symptomatic individuals who actually are infected with COVID-19 is 5.95%; The RT-PCR test used to identify COVID-19 RNA is highly specific (that is, it very rarely reports the presence of the virus when it is not present); for our example, we will say that the specificity is 97%. Its sensitivity is not known but probably is no higher than 85%

A person has a cough and flu-like symptoms and gets a PCR test for COVID-19, which comes back positive. What is the likelihood that they actually have COVID-19, as opposed to a regular cold or flu? Let’s say that the local rate of symptomatic individuals who actually are infected with COVID-19 is 5.95%; The RT-PCR test used to identify COVID-19 RNA is highly specific (that is, it very rarely reports the presence of the virus when it is not present); for our example, we will say that the specificity is 97%. Its sensitivity is not known but probably is no higher than 85%

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

10th Edition

ISBN:9780134753119

Author:Sheldon Ross

Publisher:Sheldon Ross

Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...

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Noting the paucity of information on the effect of estrogen on platelet membrane fatty acid composition, Ranganath et al. (A-48) conducted a study to examine the possibility that changes may be present in postmenopausal women and that these may be reversible with estrogen treatment. The 31 women recruited for the study had not menstruated for at least 3 months or had symptoms of the menopause. No woman was on any form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at the time she was recruited. Table 5 shows the platelet membrane linoleic acid values before and after a period of HRT. What is the lower limit of CI? 4 decimal places
From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2019, the prevalence of self- reported obesity among Michigan adult residents was 35.0%. Moreover, national reports from American Heart Association and Mayo Clinic state that people are more inactive than they used to because of the COVID-19 preventive measures. With this, you are hypothesizing that this year, the proportion of people categorized as obese is higher than before. To verify this, a random sample of 245 individuals were randomly selected from the different counties. Out of the sample, 98 of them were classified as obese. Using 10% level of significance, perform a test of significance.
A recent report states that 55% of U.S. adults use Netflix to stream shows and movies. An advertising company believes the proportion of California residents who use Netflix is greater than the national proportion, because Netflix headquarters is located in Los Gatos, California. The company selects a random sample of 600 adults from California and finds that 360 of them use Netflix. Is there convincing evidence at the alpha = .05 level that more than 55% of California residents use Netflix?
From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2019, the prevalence of self- reported obesity among Michigan adult residents was 35.0%. Moreover, national reports from American Heart Association and Mayo Clinic state that people are more inactive than they used to because of the COVID-19 preventive measures. With this, you are hypothesizing that this year, the proportion of people categorized as obese is higher than before. To verify this, a random sample of 245 individuals were randomly selected from the different counties. Out of the sample, 98 of them were classified as obese. Using 10% level of significance, perform a test of significance.
While some western, traditional, or home remedies alleviate symptoms of mild COVID19, there are no vaccines that have been shown to prevent the disease. However, there are several ongoing clinical trials of these potential drugs. Four laboratories were being used to test the drugs that have proved effective in treating “corona patients” in four different countries namely United States of America, England, China, and Israel. As part of the study to determine whether or not they give on the average the same results. The results for the number of days taken by mild cases to recover were as follows: Laboratory A B C D 3 7 1 7 6 9 4 3 5 8 5 5 4 4 2 6 3 5 3 7 Perform the analysis of variance and give conclusions concerning the drugs at the 0.05 level of significance
The U.S. Energy Information Administration claimed that U.S. residential customers used an average of 10,95110,951 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity this year. A local power company believes that residents in their area use more electricity on average than EIA's reported average. To test their claim, the company chooses a random sample of 184184 of their customers and calculates that these customers used an average of 11,162kWh11,162⁢kWh of electricity last year. Assuming that the population standard deviation is 1263kWh1263⁢kWh, is there sufficient evidence to support the power company's claim at the 0.050.05 level of significance? Step 2 of 3 : Compute the value of the test statistic. Round your answer to two decimal places.
Noting the paucity of information on the effect of estrogen on platelet membrane fatty acid composition, Ranganath et al. (A-48) conducted a study to examine the possibility that changes may be present in postmenopausal women and that these may be reversible with estrogen treatment. The 31 women recruited for the study had not menstruated for at least 3 months or had symptoms of the menopause. No woman was on any form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at the time she was recruited. Table 5 shows the platelet membrane linoleic acid values before and after a period of HRT. Does the data follow normal distribution?
The results of a multicenter clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of the pancreatic lipase inhibitor, Xenical, was reported (Ingersoll, 1997). Xenical is used to block the absorption of dietary fat. The article reported that more than 4000 patients in the U.S. and Europe were randomized to receive Xenical or a placebo in a parallel groups study. After one year, 57% of those receiving Xenical had lost at least 5% of their body weight, as opposed to 31% of those receiving a placebo. Assume that exactly 4000 patients were in the study, and that 2000 were randomized to receive a placebo and 2000 received Xenical. Please Compute a 95% confidence interval for the “relative risk” of losing at least 5% of body weight for those receiving Xenical relative to those receiving placebo. Can the drug be considered effective?
7/8) individuals tend to vary in their taste sensitivity. Is it possible that this trait may be linked to a person’s genetics? A scientist identified the genotype of 30 individuals for a gene she believes to be responsible for taste sensitivity. She compares taste sensitivity across the homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive individuals. Q) What is the explanatory variable here? Q) What kind of variable is the subject’s genotype?
A study was conducted that investigated the gene ACTN3, which encodes a protein that functions in fast-twitch muscle fibres. People can be classified according to which genotype of this gene they have, RR, RX or XX. The study included a sample of elite sprinters and a sample of endurance athletes. The researchers are investigating whether there is an association between the genotype classification and the type of athlete (sprinters or endurance). What is the null and alternative hypotheses for the test?
A person has a cough and flu-like symptoms and gets a PCR test for COVID-19, which comes back positive. What is the likelihood that they actually have COVID-19, as opposed to a regular cold or flu? Let’s say that the local rate of symptomatic individuals who actually are infected with COVID-19 is 11%; The RT-PCR test used to identify COVID-19 RNA is highly specific (that is, it very rarely reports the presence of the virus when it is not present); for our example, we will say that the specificity is 95%. Its sensitivity is not known but probably is no higher than 90%.
Suppose the Japanese Health Authority conducts a country wide survey to assess if men or womenhave the same likelihood of getting infected with COVID-19. A random sample of (500 + 90) and 400 women were selected, and 50% of these men and 45% of thesewomen were infected with COVID-19, respectively. What is the 91.98% condence interval for thetrue dierence in proportion of men and women who get infected with COVID-19.