A particle of mass m moves in one dimension such that it has the Lagrangian L = (m2 x˙4 )/12 + m x˙2 V(x) − V2(x), where V is some differentiable function of x. Find the equation of motion for x(t) and describe the physical nature of the system on the basis of this equation.
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A particle of mass m moves in one dimension such that it has the Lagrangian
L = (m2 x˙4 )/12 + m x˙2 V(x) − V2(x),
where V is some differentiable function of x. Find the equation of motion
for x(t) and describe the physical nature of the system on the basis of this
equation.
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- Express the Lagrangian for a free particle moving in a plane in a plane polar coordinates. From this proves that, in terms of radial and tangential components, the acceleration inpolar coordinates isa = (¨r − rθ˙2) er + (rθ¨ + 2 r˙ θ˙) eθ(where er and eθ are unit vectors in the positive radial and tangential directions).Two particles, each of mass m, are connected by a light inflexible string of length l. The string passes through a small smooth hole in the centre of a smooth horizontal table, so that one particle is below the table and the other can move on the surface of the table. Take the origin of the (plane) polar coordinates to be the hole, and describe the height of the lower particle by the coordinate z, measured downwards from the table surface. Here, the total force acting on the mass which is on the table is -T r^ (r hat). Why?Consider the solution tothe harmonic oscillator given above by x(t)=Ccos(wt−v) Prove tha tx(t0)=x(t0+2piw) In other words, the solution has the same value at time:t0 and at time:t0+2piw regardless of what value we have for ?0. The value 2piw is then the period T of the harmonic oscillator.
- A taut semi-infinite homogeneous string occupies the interval 0 < x < ∞ and is terminated at a small ring of negligible mass at x = 0. The ring can slide frictionlessly up and down a pole perpendicular to the x axis. A displacement blip, u(x, t) = f(ct + x), propagates down the x axis from + toward x = 0. Find the string's motion at all times. Ans: u(x,t) = f(ct+x) + f (ct − x) I =The quantities A and φ (called the amplitude and the phase) are undetermined by the differential equation. They are determined by initial conditions -- specifically, the initial position and the initial velocity -- usually at t = 0, but sometimes at another time. In the oscillating part of the experiment, I measured only the time of 30 periods. I measured no position or velocity. Consequently, A and φ (and also y0) are irrelevant in the problem. We only compare the period T or the frequency ω with the theoretical prediction. You have (hopefully) derived (or maybe looked up) the relation between ω and k and m. This final question relates ω and T. If ω = 8.2*102 rad/s, calculate T in seconds. (Remember, that a radian equals one.) T might be a fraction of a second.A block of mass m = 240 kg rests against a spring with a spring constant of k = 550 N/m on an inclined plane which makes an angle of θ degrees with the horizontal. Assume the spring has been compressed a distance d from its neutral position. Refer to the figure. (a) Set your coordinates to have the x-axis along the surface of the plane, with up the plane as positive, and the y-axis normal to the plane, with out of the plane as positive. Enter an expression for the normal force, FN, that the plane exerts on the block (in the y-direction) in terms of defined quantities and g. (b) Denoting the coefficient of static friction by μs, write an expression for the sum of the forces in the x-direction just before the block begins to slide up the inclined plane. Use defined quantities and g in your expression. (c) Assuming the plane is frictionless, what will the angle of the plane be, in degrees, if the spring is compressed by gravity a distance 0.1 m? (d) Assuming θ = 45 degrees and the…
- (0, 1, 0) is Consider a two-dimensional incompressible flow in the xz plane: u = - ey x Vo, where e the unit vector perpendicular to the xz plane. Denote the two velocity components in the xz plane as u and w in the x, z directions, respectively. Write down the expressions for them in terms of o. If the function of o assumes = x2² calculate the values of u and w at the coordinate x = = 2, z = 1. Ou= Ou= 86 əz > Ou=- - 86 əx W= ap dz 7 W= W= 8p Əz ap əz " ap " əI u = 4, w = -1 u = -1, w = 4 u = −4, w = 1 86 0₂7 86 Ou=- W=- u= -1, w = -4 5 dr =Consider the schematic of the single pendulum. M The kinetic energy T and potential energy V may be written as: T = ²m²²8² V = -gml cos (0) аас dt 80 The Lagrangian L is given by L=T-V, and the Euler-Lagrange equations for the motion of the pendulum are given by the following second order differential equation in : ас 80 = 11 = 0 Write down the second order ODE using the specific T and V defined above. Please write this ODE in the form = f(0,0). Notice that this ODE is not linear! Now you may assume that l = m = g = 1 for the remainder of the problem. You may still suspend variables to get a system of two first order (nonlinear) ODEs by writing the ODE as: w = f(0,w) What are the fixed points of this system where all derivatives are zero? Write down the linearized equations in a neighborhood of each fixed point and determine the linear stability. You may formally linearize the nonlinear ODE or you may use a small angle approximation for sin(0); the two approaches are equivalent.