A medical scientist is studying clotting In two patients, one with hemophillia and another without. Identify which patient is which and explain what mechanism is defective in the hemophiliac. A test was also done with a clotting factor added to the blood of patient 2. This factor is often deficient in hemophiliacs and activates other clotting factors to speed clotting. Clotting scores (relative units) are shown below. Patient 1 min 2 min 3 min 5 min 10 min 1 50 75 85 98 99 2+factor 48 74 85 98 99
Microscopic examination
The analysis of minute organisms, cellular organization of any biological structure, and composition of body fluids with the help of a microscope is known as microscopic examination. The magnification of specimens or samples under study helps in attaining a clearer picture of it.
Gram Staining
Named after Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist, Gram stain is one of the most powerful staining techniques within microbiology. This technique was introduced in 1882 to identify pneumonia-causing organisms. The Gram staining technique uses crystal violet or methylene blue as primary staining colors to distinguish gram-positive from gram-negative organisms. Under a microscope, the gram-positive organisms appear purple-brown, retaining the primary color. Gram-negative organisms appear pink or red as they do not acquire the color of the primary stain.
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