A laboratory test on a suspension of solid in liquid gave the following information: Original height of sludge before settling 10 inches Free settling rate 0.10 inch per minute Height of sludge at the end of free settling period 6.5 inches Height of sludge at the end of 120 minutes 4 inches Height of sludge when completely settled 1.5 inches One thousand cubic feet of similar sludge is to be settled in a vertical cylindrical tank, the diameter of which is equal to the depth of the liquid suspension in it. Determine the time it would take for the solid to settle to a height of 20% of the original height of the sludge.

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Fluid Materials

In general terms, anything that flows can be termed as a fluid. In other words, a fluid is any substance that cannot resist shear forces and deforms continuously under the application of external shear forces. Fluid materials differ completely from solid materials such as metals and alloys. For instance, if we consider two infinitesimally small cross-sectional areas of fluid materials and solid materials, and apply shear forces to these elements, both the elements will undergo deformation. Upon releasing the shear force, the element of the solid materials will regain its original orientation, but the element of the fluid materials will keep on deforming continuously under the action of the shear force.