(a) Give a brief description of fluorescence and phosphorescence where you clearly state thefundamental difference between them.(b) Phosphorescence is the result of a forbidden transition. What does this mean?(c) Draw an energy level diagram showing the electronic states as Morse potentials that give rise tofluorescence and phosphorescence.

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Answered: (a) Give a brief description of…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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(4) Electrons are no longer ejected from a sample of metal whenever it is illuminated by light with wavelength greater than 344nm. (a) Based on the table below, what is the most likely metal being illuminated? (b) If the sample is illuminated by light with wavelength 48.3nm, what is the stopping potential? (c) In the event this sample of metal were replaced by a metal with a smaller work function, but still illuminated with light with 48.3nm, would the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons increase or decrease? (d) What is the threshold frequency for cesium? Atom W (eV) Cesium 2.1 Calcium 2.9 Uranium 3.6 Cadmium 4.07 Lead 4.14 Niobium 4.3 Iron 4.5 Copper Cobalt 4.7 5 Gold 5.11 Platinum 6.35
(1) Which more closely resembles an absorption spectrum, an emission or an excitation spectrum? (2) What is the difference between fluorescence and phosphorescence? (3) Define quantum yield?
The Chemistry and Life box in Section 6.7 described the techniquescalled NMR and MRI. (a) Instruments for obtainingMRI data are typically labeled with a frequency, such as 600MHz. In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum doesa photon with this frequency belong? (b) What is the valueof ΔE in Figure 6.27 that would correspond to the absorptionof a photon of radiation with frequency 450 MHz? (c) Whenthe 450-MHz photon is absorbed, does it change the spin ofthe electron or the proton on a hydrogen atom?
(a) The surface of a metal is illuminated with light of wavelength 590nm. A PD of 0.15V is applied between the metal surface and the collecting electrodes in order to prevent the collection of electrons. Calculate:(i) The work function of the metal.(ii.) The work done against the most energetic photoelectrons.(iii.) The speed of the most energetic electrons. (b.) Light of varying frequencies is incident on the surface of three different metals x, y and z. The work functions wo of the metals are such that w0x < w0y < w0z. Sketch on the same axes graphs to show how the maximum kinetic energies of photoelectrons vary with frequency.
Semiconductor materials are the basis of modern electronics Conduction band (e.g. the transistors, memory and camera in your cell phones). Common semiconductor materials include Si, GaAs and CdSe. The energy states of semiconductors are generally divided into the valence band, where the electrons are bound to the atoms, 2S(e) 1D(e) and the conduction band where the wavefunction solutions of 1P(e) electrons allow some of them (the excited electrons) to move through the bulk material. The energy difference between the maximum energy level of the valence band, termed the valence band maximum (VBM), and the lowest energy of the conduction band, termed the conduction band minimum (CBM), of bulk CdSe is 1.74 eV. As shown in the figure, this difference is known as the bandgap energy, Eg. The CBM can be regarded as the excited state while the VBM can be regarded as the ground state. (we will not concern ourselves with the S, P, etc. orbital designations in the figure). 1S(e) Eg(QD) | 1S(h)…
Ca lcu late the size of the quantum involved in the excitation of (a) an electronic motion of frequency 1.0 x 1015 Hz. (b) a molecular vibration of period 20 Is. (c) a pendulum of period 0.50 s. Express the results in joules and in kilojoules per mole.
The spin quantum number of a nitrogen-14 nucleus isI= 1. What would be the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum for a proton resonance line that was split by interactionwith (a) two. (b) three equivalent nitrogen-14 nuclei?
Sound waves, like light waves, can interfere with each other, giving maximum and minimum levels of sound. Suppose a listener standing directly between two loudspeakers hears the same tone being emitted from both. This listener observes that when one of the speakers ismoved 0.16 m farther away, the perceived intensity of thetone decreases from a maximum to a minimum.(a) Calculate the wavelength of the sound.(b) Calculate its frequency, using 343 m s-1as the speedof sound.
Solve 7.A.3(b)
(i) Explain how the mass of the particle(s) involved affects the separation between energy levels in quantum mechanics. (ii) Explain why the sensitivity of an NMR experiment is affected by the strength of the applied magnetic field. (iii) Explain why, to a good approximation, rotational and vibrational transitions do not change the energies of electrons.
Provide with detail, the concept of “Spin” in quantum entanglement, and provide a diagram to best visualize the concept.
Plasma emission spectroscopy can be used to determine the concentration of elements such as iron or zinc in pharmaceutical preparations. with the aid of suitable diagrams, outline the principles behind this technique and explain how it can be used to provide qualitative and quantitative information about these elements.

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