A common symptom of otitis media in young children is the prolonged presence of fluid in the middle ear, known as middle-ear effusion. The presence of fluid may result in temporary hearing loss and interfere with normal learning skills in the first 2 years of life. One hypothesis is that babies who are breastfed for at least 1 month build up some immunity against the effects of the infection and have less prolonged effusion than do bottle-fed babies. A small study of 24 pairs of babies is set up, in which the babies are matched on a one-to-one basis according to age, sex, socioeconomic status, and type of medications taken. One member of the matched pair is a breastfed baby, and the other member is a bottle-fed baby. The outcome variable is the duration of middle-ear effusion after the first episode of otitis media. The results are given in Table 9.11. 9.13 What hypotheses are being tested here? 9.14 Why might a nonparametric test be useful in testing the hypotheses? 9.15 Which nonparametric test should be used here?

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A common symptom of otitis media in young children is the prolonged presence of fluid in the middle ear, known as middle-ear effusion. The presence of fluid may result in temporary hearing loss and interfere with normal learning skills in the first 2 years of life. One hypothesis is that babies who are breastfed for at least 1 month build up some immunity against the effects of the infection and have less prolonged effusion than do bottle-fed babies. A small study of 24 pairs of babies is set up, in which the babies are matched on a one-to-one basis according to age, sex, socioeconomic status, and type of medications taken. One member of the matched pair is a breastfed baby, and the other member is a bottle-fed baby. The outcome variable is the duration of middle-ear effusion after the first episode of otitis media. The results are given in Table 9.11.

9.13 What hypotheses are being tested here?

9.14 Why might a nonparametric test be useful in testing the hypotheses?

9.15 Which nonparametric test should be used here?

 

TABLE 9.11 Duration of middle-ear effusion in
breastfed and bottle-fed babies
Duration of
Duration of
effusion in
effusion in
breastfed
bottle-fed
Pair number
baby (days)
baby (days)
1
20
18
2
11
35
3
3
7
4
24
182
7
6
6.
28
33
7
58
223
8.
7
7
39
57
10
17
76
11
17
186
12
12
29
13
52
39
14
14
15
15
12
21
16
30
28
17
7
8
18
15
27
19
65
77
20
10
12
21
7
22
19
16
23
34
28
24
25
20
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE 9.11 Duration of middle-ear effusion in breastfed and bottle-fed babies Duration of Duration of effusion in effusion in breastfed bottle-fed Pair number baby (days) baby (days) 1 20 18 2 11 35 3 3 7 4 24 182 7 6 6. 28 33 7 58 223 8. 7 7 39 57 10 17 76 11 17 186 12 12 29 13 52 39 14 14 15 15 12 21 16 30 28 17 7 8 18 15 27 19 65 77 20 10 12 21 7 22 19 16 23 34 28 24 25 20
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