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Find all equilibria of the following game with von Neumann-Morgenstern preferences:
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- - Individuals 1 and 2 are forming a company. The value of their relationship depends on the effort that each expends. Suppose that individual i's utility from the relationship is x² + x; − xixj, where x¿ is individual i 's effort and x ; is the effort of the other person (i = 1, 2). Assume x1, x2 ≥ 0. Which statement is true? There is a Nash equilibrium in which each player chooses effort level k > 0. This equilibrium is Pareto efficient. There is no mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium. There is a unique Nash equilibrium in which each player chooses no effort x¿ = x; = 0. The set of Nash equilibria in this game is finite. There is a Nash equilibrium in which xi = 0 and x ; = 1| =For various values of X(for player1 and player 2), find all Nash equilibria of the following game with von Neumann-Morgenstern preferences:Nicolaus I Bernoulli offers his friend Pierre Rémond de Montmort a game where they need to repeatedly toss a fair ducat until they get a head for the first time. The game stops then, and they count the number n of coin tosses it took to get the desired outcome, and Montmort gets 2^n ducats. Assume that Montmort's utility function is u(w)=w^0.14. How much should Montmort pay to play this game?
- Two friends are deciding where to go for dinner. There are three choices, which we label A, B, and C. Max prefers A to B to C. Sally prefers B to A to C. To decide which restaurant to go to, the friends adopt the following procedure: First, Max eliminates one of three choices. Then, Sally decides among the two remaining choices. Thus, Max has three strategies (eliminate A, eliminate B, and eliminate C). For each of those strategies, Sally has two choices (choose among the two remaining). a.Write down the extensive form (game tree) to represent this game. b.If Max acts non-strategically, and makes a decision in the first period to eliminate his least desirable choice, what will the final decision be? c.What is the subgame-perfect equilibrium of the above game? d. Does your answer in b. differ from your answer in c.? Explain why or why not. Only typed AnswerConsider the game in the image attached below, which is infinitely repeated at t = 1, 2, ... Both players discount the future at rate: delta E (0, 1). The stage game is in the image attached. "Grim Trigger" strategies: Describe the "Grim Trigger" strategy profile of this game. Draw the finite automata representation of this strategy profile. Find the lowest value of delta for this strategy profile to form a subgame perfect equilibrium.Two officers are working in a police department. During a working day Officer One can either catch 20 criminals or she can write 60 reports. During a working day Officer Two can either catch 2 criminals of she can write 21 reports. The boss of the officers has the following utility function U=min(criminals; reports}. Officers want to make their boss as happy as possible. Find how many criminals will be optimally caught during the day.
- Why is the multiplicity of equilibria in the standart Nash demand game in Nash (1953, ECMA) a problem for Nash’s purposes? How does he deal with this problem in Nash (1953)? Explain.Give step by step answer with final answerWithin a voluntary contribution game, the Nash equilibrium level of contribution is zero, but in experiments, it is often possible to sustain positive levels of contribution for a long period. How might we best explain this? A) Participants are altruistic, and so value the payoff which other participants receive, benefiting (indirectly) from making a contribution. B) Participants believe that if they make a contribution, then other participants will be more likely to make a contribution. C) Participants in experiments believe that they have to make contributions in order to receive any payoff from their participation. D) Participants have experience of working in situations in which cooperation can be sustained for mutual benefit and so have internalised a social norm of cooperation
- Consider the following bargaining game with three rounds: Players 1 and 2 divide a pie of size 1. Both players have a common discount factor, δ = 0.9. In the first round (player 1 proposes): player 1 proposes x ∈ [0, 1]. If player 2 accepts the offer, then player 1 gets x, and player 2 gets 1−x. If player 2 rejects the offer, the game proceeds to round 2. In the second round (player 2 proposes): player 2 proposes y ∈ [0, 1]. If player 1 accepts the offer, then player 1 gets δy, and player 2 gets δ − δy. If player 2 rejects the offer, the game proceeds to round 3, the final round. In the third and final round (player 1 proposes): player 1 proposes z ∈ [0, 1]. If player 2 accepts the offer, player 1 gets δ2z, and player 2 gets δ2 − δ2z. If player 2 rejects the offer, everyone gets 0. 1. What would be the SPNE of the game?In a standard economic model, we generally assume the individual only cares about their own payoff. So, for example, utility of individual i is given by u = pi, where pi is the individual’s payoff. Suppose the individual is playing a dictator game with another partner j. How would you modify the utility function to explain the non-zero allocations to the partner that are typically observed?There is a city, which looks like chopped isosceles triangle, as shown below. Citizens live uniformly distributed all over the city. Two ice-cream vendors, A and B, must independently set up stores in the city. Each citizen buys from the vendor closest to their location and when equidistant from both vendors they choose by coin toss. Each vendor’s aim is to maximize the expected number of customers. A choice of location by the two vendors is a Nash equilibrium if no vendor can do better by deviating unilaterally. Does this game have a Nash equilibrium? If so, describe it. If not, explain why not