A 4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.Examination and tests revealed no outward signsof infection or cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanteda prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommendedwatching the infant for two days before making a decision. Heexplained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicineand agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistantbacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapyfor infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibioticresistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are nowresistant to several antibiotics. The mother was not placatedbythese explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibioticsimmediately. This situation raises several issues. How should the pediatrician balance his ethical responsibility to provide effective treatment to the present patient with his ethical responsibility to future patients who may need antibiotics for effective treatment?
Genetic Recombination
Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.
Microbial Genetics
Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.
A 4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for
36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.
Examination and tests revealed no outward signs
of infection or cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanted
a prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommended
watching the infant for two days before making a decision. He
explained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicine
and agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistant
bacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy
for infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibiotic
resistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are now
resistant to several antibiotics. The mother was not placated
by
these explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibiotics
immediately. This situation raises several issues. How should the pediatrician balance his ethical responsibility
to provide effective treatment to the present patient with
his ethical responsibility to future patients who may need
antibiotics for effective treatment?
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