Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
![5. For each pair, choose the element with the higher lonization energy,
Choice 1
Br
Na
Choice 2
K
Br
a.
OR
b.
'B
OR
Br
C.
OR
Br
6. Circle the atom in each pair that has the greater metallic character.
a) Li
or
Be
b) P
TC
or
7. Which of these has 6 valence electrons? O
0=N=5 Ne
8. Which of these has 1 valence electrons?
Br
K
Ne
9. How many valence electrons do alkaline earth metals have?
2
3
10. How many valence electrons do halogens have?
6
11. Complete the sketch below to show the
orbital diagram for silicon
12. Complete the sketch below to show
the orbital diagram for phosphorus
14e
3p
3s
3p
3s
nV 25
^ Y 1s
2p
- 2s
- 1s
13. Complete the sketch below to show
the orbital diagram for nitrogen.
14. Complete the sketch below to show
the orbital diagram for sulfur.
3p
3p
3s
3s
11.
- 2s
AV 1s
- 1s
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F61c65b63-7a84-4582-97eb-24f0d7b974f6%2F368caa4a-9b1b-4d10-a74b-9d7bbdd4190e%2Fojniba_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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