7. Purebred lines of wild-type fruit flies (gray body and normal wings) are mated to flies with black bodies and vestigial wings. The resulting F1 offspring all have a normal phenotype. The F1 flies are crossed with flies recessive for both traits (black bodies and vestigial wings). a) What phenotypes and ratios of phenotypes would be expected in the F2? b) The actual F2 results are as follows: -Gray body, normal wings 965 - Black body, vestigial wings 944 -Black body normal wings 206 -Gray body, vestigial wings 185 How could you explain these results?

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Genetic Variation

Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.

Quantitative Genetics

Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.