7. Circle the one more stable structure in each of the following pairs of molecules or ions: CH₂ U Cutz (CH3)3CCHICHS (b) (CH3), "CH (U13)2₂ A B Cris Suits 7 or Firomers if appropriate CH3 Citz
Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
![CHE 231 Organic Chemistry
April 25, 2022
page 2
4. Draw as a polygon structure one of the following steroids:
Estradiol [Estr-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17B-diol) or
Testosterone 17B-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one
5. Fill in non-bonding electrons and draw the resonance forms using arrows on one structure to show
the movement of electrons in the following ions or molecules.
[a] he
[b]
chair fom of the e
6. Acid base reactions reach equilibrium almost instantly on mixing. Draw the conjugate acid and
conjugate base for the following a proton transfer reactions, and using the pKa values you are given,
circle the arrow in the direction that the equilibrium lies.
[a]
pka =4.7
[b] Ctz Qt zNHz
pka = 10,7
12
Two products for the following mc
7. Circle the one more stable structure in each of the following pairs of molecules or ions:
CHS
it
Cr
(H2
8. Inspect the following molecules and label each as Z or E isomers if appropriate.
13 Daw at3 or
duct for
Br
CH3
34-
9. Write a reaction mechanism for the addition of hydrogen bromide to 3-methyl-1-butene. Show the carbocation
formation and rearrangement leading to the major 3° alkyl bromide product
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