### The Multiplier Effect of a Change in Government PurchasesConsider a hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.70 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.30. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is ________, and the spending multiplier for this economy is ________.Suppose the government in this economy decides to increase government purchases by $300 billion. The increase in government purchases will lead to an increase in income, generating an initial change in consumption equal to __________. This increases income yet again, causing a second change in consumption equal to __________. The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is __________.#### Graphical AnalysisThe following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD₁) for this economy before the change in government spending.[No graphical content available]**Instructions for the Graph:**Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD₂) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplicity, assume that there is no "crowding out."**Hint:** Be sure that the new aggregate demand curve (AD₂) is parallel to the initial aggregate demand curve (AD₁). You can see the slope of AD₁ by selecting it on the graph.This exercise illustrates the multiplier effect, which is the concept that an initial change in spending (such as an increase in government purchases) can lead to a greater total increase in aggregate demand. This is due to the chain reaction of increased consumption resulting from increased income. For further understanding, it is important to accurately plot the changes in the aggregate demand curves based on the given MPC and spending multiplier values. ### Aggregate Demand Graph AnalysisIn this graph, we examine the relationship between the price level and output in trillions of dollars. #### Axes Description:- **X-axis (Horizontal Axis)**: Represents "Output" in trillions of dollars ranging from 0 to 8.- **Y-axis (Vertical Axis)**: Represents "Price Level" ranging from 100 to 140.#### Graph Curve:- **AD1 (Aggregate Demand Curve)**: The initial aggregate demand curve slopes downward from a higher price level of 140 at 0 trillions of dollars of output to about 100 price level at 7.5 trillions of dollars of output. This downward slope illustrates the inverse relationship between price level and output demanded. #### Significant Points & Changes:- **AD2**: This indicates a shift point (represented by a triangle on the horizontal axis above the 7 output mark) suggesting a movement or shift in the aggregate demand curve.### Explanation:Aggregate demand (AD) represents the total quantity of goods and services demanded across all levels of an economy at a certain price level. A downward sloping AD curve shows that as price levels fall, the quantity of output demanded increases, and vice versa. Understanding shifts in the AD curve (such as from AD1 to AD2) is crucial because it reflects changes in macroeconomic factors such as consumer confidence, government policy, or external economic influences which impact overall economic output and price levels.--- This explanation is meant to help students and readers better understand economic concepts of aggregate demand and its implications on overall economic health.

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6. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Consider a hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.70 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.30. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is and the spending multiplier for this economy is Suppose the government in this economy decides to increase government purchases by $300 billion. The increase in government purchases will lead to an increase in income, generating an initial change in consumption equal to This increases income yet again, causing a

6. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Consider a hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.70 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.30. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is and the spending multiplier for this economy is Suppose the government in this economy decides to increase government purchases by $300 billion. The increase in government purchases will lead to an increase in income, generating an initial change in consumption equal to This increases income yet again, causing a

ECON MACRO

5th Edition

ISBN:9781337000529

Author:William A. McEachern

Publisher:William A. McEachern

Chapter9: Aggregate Demand

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5.11P

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1. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Consider a hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.80 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.20. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is 0.8 Suppose the government in this economy decides to increase government purchases by $400 billion. The increase in government purchases will lead to an increase in income, generating an initial change in consumption equal to $320 billion . This increases income yet again, causing a second change in consumption equal to $256 billion $2 trillion ($2,000 billion) The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD,) for this economy before the change in government spending. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD₂) after the spending multiplier effect takes place. Hint: Be sure that the new aggregate…
1. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Consider a hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.60 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.40. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is 0.6 v , and the expenditure multiplier for this economy is v Suppose the government in this economy decides to increase government purchases by $400 billion. The increase in government purchases will lead to an increase in income, generating an initial change in consumption equal to v. This increases income yet again, causing a second change in consumption equal to The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is
2. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Consider a hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.80 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.20. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is, and the spending multiplier for this economy is ▼. Suppose the government in this economy decides to decrease government purchases by $300 billion. The decrease in government purchases will lead to a decrease in income, generating an initial change in consumption equal to . This decreases income yet again, causing a second change in consumption equal to .The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD1) for this economy before the change in government spending. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD₂) after the spending multiplier effect takes place. Hint: Be sure that the new aggregate demand…
2. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Consider a hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.70 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.30. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is and the spending multiplier for this economy is Suppose the government in this economy decides to decrease government purchases by $300 billion. The decrease in government purchases will lead to a decrease in income, generating an initial change in consumption equal to This decreases income yet again, causing a second change in consumption equal to The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is
4. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Consider a hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.70 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.30. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is and the spending multiplier for this economy is Suppose the government in this economy decides to decrease government purchases by $300 billion. The decrease in government purchases will lead to a decrease in income, generating an initial change in consumption equal to . This decreases income yet again, causing a second change in consumption equal to The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD1) for this economy before the change in government spending. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD2) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplicity, assume that there is no "crowding out."…
4. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Consider a hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.60 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.40. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is and the spending multiplier for this economy is Suppose the government in this economy decides to increase government purchases by $400 billion. The increase In government purchases will lead to an increase in income, generating an initial change in consumption equal to This increases income yet again, causing a second change in consumption equal to . The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending Is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD¡) for this economy before the change in government spending. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD2) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplicity, assume that there is no "crowding out."…
The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve ( AD1) for this economy before the change in government spending. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve ( AD2) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplicity, assume that there is no "crowding out." Hint: Be sure that the new aggregate demand curve (AD2) is parallel to the initial aggregate demand curve ( AD1 ). You can see the slope of AD1 by selecting it on the graph. 140 AD, 135 AD, 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 3 4 OUTPUT (Trillions of dollars) PRICE LEVEL
4. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Suppose there is some hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.80 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.20. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is 0.8 and the spending multiplier for this economy is 5 Suppose the government in this economy decides to decrease government purchases by $400 billion. The decrease in government spending will lead to a decrease in income, creating an initial change in consumption equal to This decreases income yet again, leading to a second change in consumption equal to The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD) for this economy before the change in government spending Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplicity, assume that there is no…
4. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Suppose there is some hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.80 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.20. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is 0.8, and the spending multiplier for this economy is 5. Suppose the government in this economy decides to decrease government purchases by $400 billion. The decrease in government spending will lead to a decrease in income, creating an initial change in consumption equal to -$2,000 billion. This decreases income yet again, leading to a second change in consumption equal to The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD) for this economy before the change in government spending. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD₂) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplicity, assume that…
10. Crowding out effect Suppose economists observe that an increase in government spending of $13 billion raises the total demand for goods and services by $65 billion. If these economists ignore the possibility of crowding out, they would estimate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) to be Now suppose the economists allow for crowding out. Their new estimate of the MPC would be than their initial one.
Suppose there is some hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.75 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.25. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is _____ , and the spending multiplier for this economy is _____ Suppose the government in this economy decides to decrease government purchases by $250 billion. The decrease in government spending will lead to a decrease in income, creating an initial change in consumption equal to $______ billion. This decreases income yet again, leading to a second change in consumption equal to $________ billion . The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is $ ________ trillion. The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD1AD1) for this economy before the change in government spending. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD2AD2) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplicity,…
4. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Suppose there is some hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.80 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.20. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is and the spending multiplier for this economy is " Suppose the government in this economy decides to decrease government purchases by $300 billion. The decrease in government spending will lead to a decrease in income, creating an initial change in consumption equal to . This decreases income yet again, leading to a second change in consumption equal to The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD₁) for this economy before the change in government spending. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD₂) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplicity, assume that there is no…