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- 1. Why are the receptors for amino acid-base hormones on the outside surface of cell membrane? A. Cells can respond faster when the hormones does not need to enter the cell B. Amino acid-base hormones cannot penetrate cell membrane C. Lysosomes in the intracellular fluid digest amino acid-base hormones D. Amini acid-base hormones have no role on activating genes in the nucleus. 2. Which one is NOT of action of hormones on their target cells? A. A hormone may stimulate the synthesis of an enzyme in the target cells B. Hormone may activate an enzyme by altering its shape C. A hormone may deactivate enzyme by altering its structure D. Some hormones are enzymes that promote a chemical reaction in cell1. Which of the following is/are false? a. Peptide hormones are not able to penetrate the cell membrane B. Cathecolamines are not lipid soluble C. Steroid hormones bind to receptors on the outside of the cel membrane D. Thyroid hormone can cross the membrane. 2. Why are the receptors for amino acid-base hormones on the outside surface of cell membrane? A. Cells can respond faster when the hormones does not need to enter the cell B. Amino acid-base hormones cannot penetrate cell membrane C. Lysosomes in the intracellular fluid digest amino acid-base hormones D. Amini acid-base hormones have no role on activating genes in the nucleus. 3. Which one is NOT of action of hormones on their target cells? A. A hormone may stimulate the synthesis of an enzyme in the target cells B. Hormone may activate an enzyme by altering its shape C. A hormone may deactivate enzyme by altering its structure D. Some hormones are enzymes that promote a chemical reaction in cell4. Which of the following primarily act on cell surface receptors? (select all that apply) a. steroid hormones b. catecholamines c. peptide hormones d. none of the above 5. Which statement(s) is/are true based on the drawing above? (choose all that apply) a. the blue neurons could secrete cortisol b. the green cells could be secreting insulin-like growth factors c. a tertiary pathology occurs at the level of the blue neurons d. negative feedback only occurs at the level of the blue neurons e. the gold neurons are part of the portal system f. the gold neurons could secrete oxytocin 6. Which of the following hormones is most likely to act for the longest period of time? a. ACTH b. TSH c. Cortisol d. Dopamine e. TRH 7. Which of the following is derived from an amino acid? a. Tyrosine b. Epinephrine c. Androstenedione d. Prolactin 8. Based on the image above, the blue neuron is connected to the ______(a. anterior b. posterior) pituitary and a possible…
- 17. Steroid hormones are... a. polar hormones exert their effects via a second messenger system b. polar hormones exert their effects via an intracellular receptor C. nonpolar hormones exert their effects via an extracellular membrane receptor dnonpolar hormones exert their effects via a cytoplasmic or nuclear receptor e. nonexistent in the bodyThe action of steroid hormones is different from that of peptide hormones becausea. peptide hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas steroid hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.b. steroid hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas peptide hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.c. peptide hormones produce a hormone receptor complex that works directly on the DNA, whereas steroid hormones cause the release of a secondary messenger that triggers enzymes.d. None of these answers is correct.Steroid hormones a. can diffuse through the membrane without a carrier. b. have a direct effect on gene expression. c. bind to membrane receptors. d. Both a and b are correct.
- which of the following happens when a therapeutic synthetic homone is introduced intno the body to treat patients natural hormone insufficiency?(select all that apply) A. The target cell responds the same way as when the hormone is natural B. the synthetic hormone has no effect on the target tissues C. the amount of natural hormone produced by the patients body declines D. the synthetic hormone is destroyed before it can have an effect on the target tissue.Which of these is not a means by which hormones are eliminatedfrom the circulatory system?a. excreted into urine or bileb. bound to binding proteinsc. enzymatically degraded in the blood (metabolism)d. actively transported into cellse. conjugated with sulfate or glucuronic acidWhich of the following are true of endocannabinoids? (Choose more than 1 answer) A. bind to cannibinoid receptors b. endogeneous c. lipid based d. neurotransmitters e. retrograde
- 1. Norepinephrine and epinephrine act in a permissive manner to thyroid hormone. This means... A. Norepinephrine and epinephrine bind to TH receptors B. Norepinephrine and epinephrine antagonize the action of TH C. Norepinephrine and epinephrine upregulate the number of TH receptors, strengthening the effects of TH 2. Which mechanism of action is NOT common to both cortisol and growth hormone? A. Muscle building B. Mobilizing fatty acids1. Cortisol: a. is made in the middle zone of the adrenal cortex b. is a glucocorticoid c. has an antiimmunity effect d. all of the above 2. Protein hormones have hormone receptors in the cell: a. both a and c above b. membrane c. nucleus 3. D. cytoplasm The difference between a three- and a two-neuron reflex is that a three-neuron reflex: a. includes an efferent neuron b. includes an afferent neuron c. passes through the dorsal root ganglion d. includes an interneuron9. If the concentration of a plasma carrier was diminished, what would this do to the half-life of a steroid? a. increase half-life b. decrease half-life c. no change d. it depends on the steroid 10. Put the steps involved in generation and release of peptide hormones in the correct order: 1)cleavage into active hormone 2) transport into blood capillary 3)mRNA translation and preprohormone entrance into the ER 4) release signal into ECF 5)vesicular transport into Golgi apparatus 6)signal sequence peptide cleavage into prohormone
