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5.) A man and a woman living in a tropical area where malaria is prevalent and health care is not accessible have seven children during their lifetime. The genotypes of their children are: ss, Ss, SS, ss, Ss, Ss, and SS. What must the genotypes of both parents be? Your answer should include a Punnett square to illustrate your work, and list all the genotypes and phenotypes. 6.) In the previous problem, which of their children would you expect to live to adulthood and reproduce? Explain.

5.) A man and a woman living in a tropical area where malaria is prevalent and health care is not accessible have seven children during their lifetime. The genotypes of their children are: ss, Ss, SS, ss, Ss, Ss, and SS. What must the genotypes of both parents be? Your answer should include a Punnett square to illustrate your work, and list all the genotypes and phenotypes. 6.) In the previous problem, which of their children would you expect to live to adulthood and reproduce? Explain.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Background information for problem #5 In humans there is a gene that controls formation of hemoglobin (the protein in red blood cells {RBC's} that is responsible for carrying oxygen to the tissues of the body). The normal allele of this gene codes for normal hemoglobin. However, there is another allele for this gene that contains a mutation in the DNA and the resulting hemoglobin protein is defective. An RBC with this defective hemoglobin will, under stress, crystallize within the cell and cause a characteristic sickle shape. While the letters S and s are often used to represent these alleles, in reality neither is dominant to the other (codominant). Someone who is SS makes all normal hemoglobin, someone who is ss makes all abnormal hemoglobin (someone who has sickle-cell anemia), and someone who is Ss essentially has two sets of instructions (and so makes some of each kind of hemoglobin; often referred to as sickle-cell trait). Because the RBC's of a person who is ss contain all abnormal hemoglobin, they will sickle very easily, with very little stress required to provoke that activity. Those abnormally shaped cells will then get lodged in small capillaries as they move through them, leading to strokes, heart attacks, and pulmonary embolisms that can ultimately lead to death. Because only some of the RBC's of a person who is Ss contain abnormal hemoglobin, that person usually only has trouble with a lot of cells sickling if they are under a lot of stress trying to meet a higher than normal oxygen demand, and so the chances of a person dying from sickle-cell trait are much lower than for full blown sickle-cell anemia. Now, malaria is a parasitic disease that is prevalent in tropical areas. When a mosquito that is carrying the parasites bites someone, the parasites enter the person's bloodstream, and invade and live in the person's RBC's. However, if a person has sickle-cell anemia (ss), the presence of a parasite in an RBC is so stressful, it causes the RBC to crinkle up and when that happens the parasite is killed before it can multiply and spread to other RBC's. As a result, a person who is ss is immune to malaria. If a person is Ss and a malaria parasite tries to invade an RBC with abnormal hemoglobin, again the RBC will sickle, killing the parasite before it has a chance to reproduce. If a parasite invades am RBC with normal hemoglobin, it will be able to live and multiply, but if its offspring invade other RBC's with abnormal hemoglobin, they too, will be killed. As a result, a person who is Ss is resistant (although not totally immune) to malaria. If a person is SS and has all normal hemoglobin, the malaria parasites do just fine. Thus, an SS person usually dies, eventually, from causes related to the malaria.
Transcribed Image Text:Background information for problem #5 In humans there is a gene that controls formation of hemoglobin (the protein in red blood cells {RBC's} that is responsible for carrying oxygen to the tissues of the body). The normal allele of this gene codes for normal hemoglobin. However, there is another allele for this gene that contains a mutation in the DNA and the resulting hemoglobin protein is defective. An RBC with this defective hemoglobin will, under stress, crystallize within the cell and cause a characteristic sickle shape. While the letters S and s are often used to represent these alleles, in reality neither is dominant to the other (codominant). Someone who is SS makes all normal hemoglobin, someone who is ss makes all abnormal hemoglobin (someone who has sickle-cell anemia), and someone who is Ss essentially has two sets of instructions (and so makes some of each kind of hemoglobin; often referred to as sickle-cell trait). Because the RBC's of a person who is ss contain all abnormal hemoglobin, they will sickle very easily, with very little stress required to provoke that activity. Those abnormally shaped cells will then get lodged in small capillaries as they move through them, leading to strokes, heart attacks, and pulmonary embolisms that can ultimately lead to death. Because only some of the RBC's of a person who is Ss contain abnormal hemoglobin, that person usually only has trouble with a lot of cells sickling if they are under a lot of stress trying to meet a higher than normal oxygen demand, and so the chances of a person dying from sickle-cell trait are much lower than for full blown sickle-cell anemia. Now, malaria is a parasitic disease that is prevalent in tropical areas. When a mosquito that is carrying the parasites bites someone, the parasites enter the person's bloodstream, and invade and live in the person's RBC's. However, if a person has sickle-cell anemia (ss), the presence of a parasite in an RBC is so stressful, it causes the RBC to crinkle up and when that happens the parasite is killed before it can multiply and spread to other RBC's. As a result, a person who is ss is immune to malaria. If a person is Ss and a malaria parasite tries to invade an RBC with abnormal hemoglobin, again the RBC will sickle, killing the parasite before it has a chance to reproduce. If a parasite invades am RBC with normal hemoglobin, it will be able to live and multiply, but if its offspring invade other RBC's with abnormal hemoglobin, they too, will be killed. As a result, a person who is Ss is resistant (although not totally immune) to malaria. If a person is SS and has all normal hemoglobin, the malaria parasites do just fine. Thus, an SS person usually dies, eventually, from causes related to the malaria.
5.) A man and a woman living in a tropical area where malaria is prevalent and health care is not accessible have seven children during their lifetime. The genotypes of their children are: ss, Ss, SS, ss, Ss, Ss, and SS. What must the genotypes of both parents be? Your answer should include a Punnett square to illustrate your work, and list all the genotypes and phenotypes. 6.) In the previous problem, which of their children would you expect to live to adulthood and reproduce? Explain.
Transcribed Image Text:5.) A man and a woman living in a tropical area where malaria is prevalent and health care is not accessible have seven children during their lifetime. The genotypes of their children are: ss, Ss, SS, ss, Ss, Ss, and SS. What must the genotypes of both parents be? Your answer should include a Punnett square to illustrate your work, and list all the genotypes and phenotypes. 6.) In the previous problem, which of their children would you expect to live to adulthood and reproduce? Explain.
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