5. A long-distance runner trained for a year to achieve better results. As he trained,he increased his mitochondrial capacity, as well as his oxygen delivery to thetissues. Why did these physiological mechanisms of adaptation to intensivephysical activity allow him to win the competition? For the answer:a) name the hormone which controls the metabolism during physical activityand the fuel molecules secreted to blood from adipose tissue during prolongedphysical activity;b) draw the scheme of their oxidation in the muscles;c) explain why the improved oxygen delivery to the tissues will affect thispathway.

Hormones are messenger /signal molecules secreted by different parts of the body which signals the…

Answered: 5. A long-distance runner trained for a…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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4. (a) duced in large part by cells in the liver via a specialized metabolic program called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is often incorrectly described as "glycolysis in reverse". Compare and contrast the enzymes and reactions that drive gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. Several mammalian tissues rely on a steady supply of glucose in the bloodstream pro-
Describe how a) Mean Arterial Pressure, b) Maximal Oxygen Consumption, and c) Blood Flow are determined using its formula. In addition, you should explain what those factors are including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, resistance, a-vO2 difference, etc. Describe how many ATPs can be generated by complete cycles of beta oxidation of free fatty acid with 20 carbons. You should indicate how many cycles of beta oxidation and Krebs cycle, and total number of products as well
3. Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If you think the statement is false, rewrite it to make it true. (4.1, 4.4) (a) Cellular respiration results in the relatively rapid, uncontrolled release of energy from a molecule of glucose to produce ATP for use by cells for various functions. (b) The electron transport chain is located on the inner portion of the cell membrane. (c) When oxygen is scarce in human muscle tissue, lactate fermentation takes place in order to keep glycolysis running. mai reactions of glycolysis. (4.2)
NADH and succinate are substrates that can be oxidized and will consume oxygen. Rotenone and cyanide are inhibitors of the electron transport chain and can block oxidation. Match each description of the effector to the appropriate oxygen consumption. A plot may match more than one description. Some plots will not match any description. (At least one of the matches in the image was incorrect)
Rat heart muscle operating aerobically fills more than 90% of its ATP needs by oxidative phosphorylation. If each gram of tissue consumes O2 at the rate of 12.0 micromol/min, with glucose as the fuel source. (a) Calculate the rate at which the heart muscle consumes glucose and produces ATP. (b) Consider an alternate scenario – what would be the rate of consumption if the energy source was a solely triglycerides whose fatty acyl chains were each 14-C in length and saturated? (Assume the O2 consumption rate remains at 12.0 micromol/min) (c) For a steady-state concentration of ATP of 6.0 micromol/g of heart muscle tissue, calculate the time required (in seconds) to completely turn over the cellular pool of ATP if glucose us used as the sole fuel source. What does this result indicate about the need for tight regulation of ATP production? (Note: Concentrations are expressed as micromoles per gram of muscle tissue because the tissue is mostly water.)
After strenuous exercise, you may notice that your muscles burn and feel sore the next day. Which statement best explains this phenomenon? (a) Proteins in muscle cells are being digested to provide energy. (b) Carbon dioxide is building up in muscle cells and changing their pH. (c) Spontaneous combustion occurs during strenuous exercise, so avoid it at all costs! (d) ATP is accumulating in muscle cells, causing a burning sensation. (e) Without adequate oxygen, muscle cells are fermenting pyruvate into lactic acid.
Please explain the answers to the questions!
What specific function does NAD+/NADH directly perform during aerobic respiration?
After infection, some T cells (a particular type of immune cell) may persist as memory T cells (TMcells). When they re-encounter the same pathogen, TM cells rapidly divide to produce more T cells to help fight off the infection. This rapid cell division requires substantial energy. One way that this energy is provided to TMcells is via increased activity of the ETC. One standard type of experiment for analyzing oxidative metabolism is measuring the oxygen consumption rate OCR in the presence of different compounds. The lines indicate the time at which the different ETC/OxPhos inhibitors were added. Note that the inhibitors are never removed. Complete the table below. Time Period 1 2 3 4 Inhibitor added None Oligomycin (inhibits ATP Synthase) FCCP (Uncoupler) Rotenone + Antimycin (Complexes I and III) Can electrons flow? If so, from which compound to which compound? If not, what is preventing it? Can H+move through the membrane? If so,…
1.3. Aerobic Cellular Respiration: a.Write the chemical formula for the aerobic cellular respiration of glucose. b. List the major steps of aerobic cellular respiration and describe the major events of each step.c. Explain the role of an electron carrier in cellular respiration.d. Predict what would happen to the process of cellular respiration if oxygen was not present. In your answer, specifically state the role that oxygen plays in cellular respiration.
In muscles, anaerobic respiration has an advantage over aerobic respiration in that it: A) Has a high energy lactic acid waste, rather than CO2 B) Produces alcohol and carbon dioxide C) is a shorter, quicker way to produce ATP
After finishing a grueling marathon, a runner exclaims, “Whew, I think I’ve used up all my ATP!” Could this be possible?

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