4. Draw all resonance forms for the cation shown below. Include a resonance hybrid.

Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
2nd Edition
ISBN:9780618974122
Author:Andrei Straumanis
Publisher:Andrei Straumanis
Chapter5: Resonance
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 6E
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### Resonance Forms of a Cation

**Objective:**
To draw all resonance forms for the cation shown below, including the resonance hybrid.

**Problem Statement:**
4. Draw all resonance forms for the cation shown below. Include a resonance hybrid.

**Cation Structure:**
The given cation is shown in the image below. It consists of three hexagonal carbon rings fused together, with a positive charge indicated on one of the carbon atoms in the central ring.

#### Detailed Description of the Structure:
- The cation consists of a total of three benzene-like rings.
- Each of these rings shares carbon atoms with their neighboring rings.
- A positive charge (+) is denoted at the top carbon atom in the central ring of the structure.

**Steps to Draw Resonance Forms:**
1. **Identify the Placement of Charges:**
   - Start with the given structure.
   - Move the positive charge to possible alternative positions by shifting double bonds within the rings.

2. **Shifting Double Bonds:**
   - As the positive charge is moved, adjust the double bonds in the adjacent rings to maintain the correct valency of each carbon atom.

3. **Drawing the Resonance Hybrid:**
   - After drawing all possible resonance forms, the resonance hybrid can be depicted.
   - The resonance hybrid shows partial double bonds and a delocalized positive charge.

**Graph or Diagram Explanation:**

Several resonance structures would be drawn, showcasing the different positions the positive charge can occupy and how the double bonds rearrange accordingly. The resonance hybrid combines these structures into a single diagram with dotted lines to indicate partial bond character and a representation of the delocalized positive charge.

Typically, these resonance structures aid in understanding how electron density is distributed in the cation, making the molecule more stable than any single resonance form alone.

**Note:**
For educators designing content on resonance structures, it is essential to explain the concepts of electron delocalization, resonance stabilization, and how resonance hybrids best represent the true electron distribution within a molecule.

Understanding these principles helps students grasp the dynamic nature of electrons in conjugated systems, leading to a better comprehension of molecular stability and reactivity.
Transcribed Image Text:### Resonance Forms of a Cation **Objective:** To draw all resonance forms for the cation shown below, including the resonance hybrid. **Problem Statement:** 4. Draw all resonance forms for the cation shown below. Include a resonance hybrid. **Cation Structure:** The given cation is shown in the image below. It consists of three hexagonal carbon rings fused together, with a positive charge indicated on one of the carbon atoms in the central ring. #### Detailed Description of the Structure: - The cation consists of a total of three benzene-like rings. - Each of these rings shares carbon atoms with their neighboring rings. - A positive charge (+) is denoted at the top carbon atom in the central ring of the structure. **Steps to Draw Resonance Forms:** 1. **Identify the Placement of Charges:** - Start with the given structure. - Move the positive charge to possible alternative positions by shifting double bonds within the rings. 2. **Shifting Double Bonds:** - As the positive charge is moved, adjust the double bonds in the adjacent rings to maintain the correct valency of each carbon atom. 3. **Drawing the Resonance Hybrid:** - After drawing all possible resonance forms, the resonance hybrid can be depicted. - The resonance hybrid shows partial double bonds and a delocalized positive charge. **Graph or Diagram Explanation:** Several resonance structures would be drawn, showcasing the different positions the positive charge can occupy and how the double bonds rearrange accordingly. The resonance hybrid combines these structures into a single diagram with dotted lines to indicate partial bond character and a representation of the delocalized positive charge. Typically, these resonance structures aid in understanding how electron density is distributed in the cation, making the molecule more stable than any single resonance form alone. **Note:** For educators designing content on resonance structures, it is essential to explain the concepts of electron delocalization, resonance stabilization, and how resonance hybrids best represent the true electron distribution within a molecule. Understanding these principles helps students grasp the dynamic nature of electrons in conjugated systems, leading to a better comprehension of molecular stability and reactivity.
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