37. Which of the following statement is true? A. It is only possible that an X chromosome of a woman is from her father, it is certain. Every woman has an X chromosome from her father and the other X chromosome from her mother. B. In men however the X chromosome comes always from his mother and the Y chromosome is always from his father C. Besides sex genes the sex chromosomes have also autosomal genes, genes that codify several proteins related only to sexual traits D. Diseases caused by abnormal number of sex chromosomes are called sex pseudoploidies 46. Which of the following barding utilizes fluarescent microSEope for microscopic analysis? A. Qbanding B. Rbanding C.G banding D.C banding

37. Which of the following statement is true? A. It is only possible that an X chromosome of a woman is from her father, it is certain. Every woman has an X chromosome from her father and the other X chromosome from her mother. B. In men however the X chromosome comes always from his mother and the Y chromosome is always from his father C. Besides sex genes the sex chromosomes have also autosomal genes, genes that codify several proteins related only to sexual traits D. Diseases caused by abnormal number of sex chromosomes are called sex pseudoploidies 46. Which of the following barding utilizes fluarescent microSEope for microscopic analysis? A. Qbanding B. Rbanding C.G banding D.C banding

Body Structures & Functions Updated

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ISBN:9780357191606

Author:Scott

Publisher:Scott

Chapter22: Genetics And Genetically Linked Diseases

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4RQ

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Concept explainers

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.

Question

37. Which of the following statement is true?
A. It is only possible that an X chromosome of a woman is from her father, it is certain.
Every woman has an X chromosome from her father and the other X chromosome from her
mother.
B. In men however the X chromosome comes always from his mother and the Y
chromosome is always from his father
C. Besides sex genes the sex chromosomes have also autosomal genes, genes that codify
several proteins related only to sexual traits
D. Diseases caused by abnormal number of sex chromosomes are called sex pseudoploidies
46. Which of the following banding utilizes fluarescent microSEope for microscopic analysis?
A. Qbanding
B. Rbanding
C.G banding
D.C banding

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A couple was referred for genetic counseling because they wanted to know the chances of having a child with dwarfism. Both the man and the woman had achondroplasia (MIM 100800), the most common form of short-limbed dwarfism. The couple knew that this condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, but they were unsure what kind of physical manifestations a child would have if it inherited both mutant alleles. They were each heterozygous for the FGFR3 (MIM 134934) allele that causes achondroplasia. Normally, the protein encoded by this gene interacts with growth factors outside the cell and receives signals that control growth and development. In achrodroplasia, a mutation alters the activity of the receptor, resulting in a characteristic form of dwarfism. Because both the normal and mutant forms of the FGFR3 protein act before birth, no treatment for achrondroplasia is available. The parents each carry one normal allele and one mutant allele of FGRF3, and they wanted information on their chances of having a homozygous child. The counsellor briefly reviewed the phenotypic features of individuals with achondroplasia. These include facial features (large head with prominent forehead; small, flat nasal bridge; and prominent jaw), very short stature, and shortening of the arms and legs. Physical examination and skeletal X-ray films are used to diagnose this condition. Final adult height is approximately 4 feet. Because achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant condition, a heterozygote has a 1-in-2, or 50%, chance of passing this trait to his or her offspring. However, about 75% of those with achondroplasia have parents of average size who do not carry the mutant allele. In these cases, achondroplasia is due to a new mutation. In the couple being counseled, each individual is heterozygous, and they are at risk for having a homozygous child with two copies of the mutated gene. Infants with homozygous achondroplasia are either stillborn or die shortly after birth. The counselor recommended prenatal diagnosis via ultrasounds at various stages of development. In addition, a DNA test is available to detect the homozygous condition prenatally. Should the parents be concerned about the heterozygous condition as well as the homozygous mutant condition?