QUESTION 33 33. Which defines a codon? A. a protein that beins transcription by breaking apart H bonds B. a free-floating base that attaches to an open DNA strand C. the genetic code word of three bases on mRNA that specify one amino acid D. the strong bond between two complementary nitrogen bases QUESTION 34 34. What is the role of tRNA during translation? A. carry amino acids to the mRNA for correct placement into the protein chain B. carry ribosomes to the site of protein synthesis C. break apart mRNA and send it back to the nucleus so that it can be reused D. bond to open the DNA strand to carry the code for protein synthesis out of the nucleus QUESTION 35 35. Which of the following changes would be expected if a CAUUUG sequences of bases mutated to CACUUG? A. the amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected B. the identity of 1 amino acid would change C. the identity of more than 1 amino acid would change D. the amino acid sequence would remain unchanged QUESTION 36 36. Which of the following correctly represents the pathway from gene to trait? A. DNA â Transcription â RNA â Translation â Protein â Phenotype B. DNA â Translation â RNA â Transcription â Protein â Phenotype C. RNA â Translation â DNA â Transcription â Phenotype â Protein D. RNA â Transcription â DNA â Translation â Protein â Phenotype QUESTION 37 37. In DNA, the amount of thymine is equal to ____. A. the amount of uracil B. the amount of adenine C. the amount of cytosine D. the amount of guanine QUESTION 38 38. Of the ____ different possible codons, ____ specify amino acids and ____ signal stop. A. 20, 17, 3 B. 180, 20, 60 C. 64, 61, 3 D. 61, 60, 1 QUESTION 39 39. Transcription occurs in the ____ direction along the template strand forming an mRNA in the ____ direction. A. 5' to 3'; 5' to 3' B. 5' to 3'; 3' to 5' C. 3' to 5'; 5' to 3' D. 3' to 5'; 3' to 5' QUESTION 40 40. What area of a gene does the RNA polymerase bind to? A. promoter B. exon C. intron D. codon QUESTION 41 41. Following transcription, what is the first step in RNA processing in eukaryotic cells? A. translation B. alternative splicing C. exon shuffling D. addition of a cap QUESTION 42 42. RNA is transcribed using the ____ strand of DNA. A. coding B. alternate C. template D. non-template QUESTION 43 43. The first mRNA codon to specify an amino acid is always ____. A. TAC B. UAA C. UAG D. AUG QUESTION 44 44. A mutation that changes a codon sequence, and subsequently changes the amino acid that should have been placed at that point in the polypeptide chain, is called a ____. A. frameshift mutation B. missense mutation C. silent mutation D. nonsense mutation QUESTION 45 45. Transcription occurs in the ____ and translation occurs in the ____ of PROKARYOTIC cells. A. nucleus; cytoplasm B. cytoplasm, nucleus C. nucleus; nucleus D. cytoplasm, cytoplasm QUESTION 46 46. Protein synthesis begins with the amino acid ____, as its codon is the one used as the â start codonâ by nearly all organisms. A. methionine B. arginine C. cysteine D. leucine QUESTION 47 47. The primary structure of a protein is directly associated with ____. A. regular repeating shapes, such as beta-sheets B. the three-dimensional shape of the protein C. the linear sequence of the amino acids D. the interaction of two or more peptide chains QUESTION 48 48. In prokaryotic systems, which of the following typically stops the process of translation? A. rho proteins B. introns C. rRNA D. stop codons QUESTION 49 49. Following transcription, the RNA has a complementary sequence of which of the following? A. regulatory sequences B. termination sequences C. the coding strand of DNA D. the template strand of DNA

Name: QUESTION 33 33. Which defines a codon? A. a protein that beins transcr
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Description: QUESTION 33 33. Which defines a codon? A. a protein that beins transcription by breaking apart H bonds B. a free-floating base that attaches to an open DNA strand C. the genetic code word of three bases on mRNA that specify one amino acid D. the stro

Codon A nucleotide, in turn, is made up of a nucleobase or simply, base, a sugar, and a phosphate…

Answered: 33. Which defines a codon? A. a…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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QUESTION 33

33. Which defines a codon?

A. a protein that beins transcription by breaking apart H bonds

B. a free-floating base that attaches to an open DNA strand

C. the genetic code word of three bases on mRNA that specify one amino acid

D. the strong bond between two complementary nitrogen bases

QUESTION 34

34. What is the role of tRNA during translation?

A. carry amino acids to the mRNA for correct placement into the protein chain

B. carry ribosomes to the site of protein synthesis

C. break apart mRNA and send it back to the nucleus so that it can be reused

D. bond to open the DNA strand to carry the code for protein synthesis out of the nucleus

QUESTION 35

35. Which of the following changes would be expected if a CAUUUG sequences of bases mutated to CACUUG?

A. the amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected

B. the identity of 1 amino acid would change

C. the identity of more than 1 amino acid would change

D. the amino acid sequence would remain unchanged

QUESTION 36

36. Which of the following correctly represents the pathway from gene to trait?

A. DNA â Transcription â RNA â Translation â Protein â Phenotype

B. DNA â Translation â RNA â Transcription â Protein â Phenotype

C. RNA â Translation â DNA â Transcription â Phenotype â Protein

D. RNA â Transcription â DNA â Translation â Protein â Phenotype

QUESTION 37

37. In DNA, the amount of thymine is equal to ____.

A. the amount of uracil

B. the amount of adenine

C. the amount of cytosine

D. the amount of guanine

QUESTION 38

38. Of the ____ different possible codons, ____ specify amino acids and ____ signal stop.

A. 20, 17, 3

B. 180, 20, 60

C. 64, 61, 3

D. 61, 60, 1

QUESTION 39

39. Transcription occurs in the ____ direction along the template strand forming an mRNA in the ____ direction.

A. 5' to 3'; 5' to 3'

B. 5' to 3'; 3' to 5'

C. 3' to 5'; 5' to 3'

D. 3' to 5'; 3' to 5'

QUESTION 40

40. What area of a gene does the RNA polymerase bind to?

A. promoter

B. exon

C. intron

D. codon

QUESTION 41

41. Following transcription, what is the first step in RNA processing in eukaryotic cells?

A. translation

B. alternative splicing

C. exon shuffling

D. addition of a cap

QUESTION 42

42. RNA is transcribed using the ____ strand of DNA.

A. coding

B. alternate

C. template

D. non-template

QUESTION 43

43. The first mRNA codon to specify an amino acid is always ____.

A. TAC

B. UAA

C. UAG

D. AUG

QUESTION 44

44. A mutation that changes a codon sequence, and subsequently changes the amino acid that should have been placed at that point in the polypeptide chain, is called a ____.

A. frameshift mutation

B. missense mutation

C. silent mutation

D. nonsense mutation

QUESTION 45

45. Transcription occurs in the ____ and translation occurs in the ____ of PROKARYOTIC cells.

A. nucleus; cytoplasm

B. cytoplasm, nucleus

C. nucleus; nucleus

D. cytoplasm, cytoplasm

QUESTION 46

46. Protein synthesis begins with the amino acid ____, as its codon is the one used as the â start codonâ by nearly all organisms.

A. methionine

B. arginine

C. cysteine

D. leucine

QUESTION 47

47. The primary structure of a protein is directly associated with ____.

A. regular repeating shapes, such as beta-sheets

B. the three-dimensional shape of the protein

C. the linear sequence of the amino acids

D. the interaction of two or more peptide chains

QUESTION 48

48. In prokaryotic systems, which of the following typically stops the process of translation?

A. rho proteins

B. introns

C. rRNA

D. stop codons

QUESTION 49

49. Following transcription, the RNA has a complementary sequence of which of the following?

A. regulatory sequences

B. termination sequences

C. the coding strand of DNA

D. the template strand of DNA

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