3.A human pedigree for inheritance of a disease determined by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene is shown. To be affected, an individual must be homoplasmic for mutant mtDNA. Using the figure as a reference, classify each statement below as true or false. 0 TO что ㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇ 658 58 All the children of affected mothers will have this disease. If an affected female has a child with an unrelated, normal male, the chance that the child will have the trait is 50%. None of the children of affected fathers can have the disease. If an affected male has a child with an unrelated, normal female, the chance that the child will have the disease is 50%. Males can be unaffected even if they are homoplasmic for mutant mtDNA. If an unaffected female is heteroplasmic, some of her children could develop the trait. All affected fathers have unaffected offspring if the mother is normal. The phenotype of the father is unrelated to the phenotype of the offspring.

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### Educational Content: Mitochondrial Inheritance

#### Explanation of Pedigree Chart

The image shows a pedigree chart illustrating the inheritance of a disease determined by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene. For an individual to be affected, they must be homoplasmic for mutant mtDNA.

**Symbols Overview:**
- Circles represent females.
- Squares represent males.
- Shaded symbols indicate affected individuals.
- Unshaded symbols indicate unaffected individuals.

#### Statements for Classification

Based on the pedigree, classify each statement below as true or false:

1. **All the children of affected mothers will have this disease.**
   
2. **If an affected female has a child with an unrelated, normal male, the chance that the child will have the trait is 50%.**

3. **None of the children of affected fathers can have the disease.**

4. **If an affected male has a child with an unrelated, normal female, the chance that the child will have the disease is 50%.**
   
5. **Males can be unaffected even if they are homoplasmic for mutant mtDNA.**

6. **If an unaffected female is heteroplasmic, some of her children could develop the trait.**

7. **All affected fathers have unaffected offspring if the mother is normal.**
   
8. **The phenotype of the father is unrelated to the phenotype of the offspring.**

This exercise involves understanding how mitochondrial inheritance works, as mtDNA is exclusively inherited from the mother. Analyze the pedigree to determine the patterns of inheritance and assess the accuracy of each statement based on mitochondrial genetics principles.
Transcribed Image Text:### Educational Content: Mitochondrial Inheritance #### Explanation of Pedigree Chart The image shows a pedigree chart illustrating the inheritance of a disease determined by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene. For an individual to be affected, they must be homoplasmic for mutant mtDNA. **Symbols Overview:** - Circles represent females. - Squares represent males. - Shaded symbols indicate affected individuals. - Unshaded symbols indicate unaffected individuals. #### Statements for Classification Based on the pedigree, classify each statement below as true or false: 1. **All the children of affected mothers will have this disease.** 2. **If an affected female has a child with an unrelated, normal male, the chance that the child will have the trait is 50%.** 3. **None of the children of affected fathers can have the disease.** 4. **If an affected male has a child with an unrelated, normal female, the chance that the child will have the disease is 50%.** 5. **Males can be unaffected even if they are homoplasmic for mutant mtDNA.** 6. **If an unaffected female is heteroplasmic, some of her children could develop the trait.** 7. **All affected fathers have unaffected offspring if the mother is normal.** 8. **The phenotype of the father is unrelated to the phenotype of the offspring.** This exercise involves understanding how mitochondrial inheritance works, as mtDNA is exclusively inherited from the mother. Analyze the pedigree to determine the patterns of inheritance and assess the accuracy of each statement based on mitochondrial genetics principles.
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