3. Find ALL Nash equilibria of the following game: Nature begins by choosing one of the 2x2 games. It chooses the left game with probability a, and the right game with probability 1-a. Player 2 is INFORMED about nature's choice but player 1 IS NOT informed. U D LR 2 2. 3,0 0.3 1 1 . U D 0 1 L 9 " 0 1 R 5,5 0,0

3. Find ALL Nash equilibria of the following game: Nature begins by choosing one of the 2x2 games. It chooses the left game with probability a, and the right game with probability 1-a. Player 2 is INFORMED about nature's choice but player 1 IS NOT informed. U D LR 2 2. 3,0 0.3 1 1 . U D 0 1 L 9 " 0 1 R 5,5 0,0

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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5. The Stag Hunt is a famous coordination game where two hunters must work together to hunt a stag but each one has the option to go solo and hunt a hare. The following payoff matrix depicts such a game: a. b. Hunter A Stag Hare Stag 5,5 4,0 Hunter B Hare 0,4 4,4 List any pure strategy Nash equilibria if they exist. Does the game have a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium? If so, solve for it.
Consider the game with the payoffs below. Which of the possible outcomes are MORE efficient than the Nash Equilibrium (NE)? Note, they do NOT need to be Nash equilibria themselves, they just need to be more efficient than the NE. Multiple answers are possible, but not necessary. You need to check ALL correct answers for full credit. JILL High Medium LowMAGGIE Left 3,4 2,3 2,2Center 4,8 9,7 8,7Right 7,6 8,5 9,4Group of answer choices (Left, Low) There is no strategy combination that is more efficient than the Nash equilibrium for this game. (Right, Medium) (Left, High) (Center, Medium) (Center, High) (Center, Low) (Left, Medium) (Right, Low) (Right, High)
3. Consider the game below. С1 C2 C3 R1 1, 1 4, 6 8, 5 1, 2 5, 4 R2 R3 2, 6 2, 7 7, 6 0, 7 3.1. Does the game have any pure strategy NEs? 3.2. Check whether a mixed strategy NE exists in which A is mixing R1 and R2 with positive probabilities, playing R3 with zero probability, while B is mixing C1 and C3 with positive probabilities while playing C2 with zero probability. [Let (p1,P2, P3) be the probabilities with which A plays (R1, R2,R3) and let (q1,92, 93) be the probabilities with which B plays (C1, C2,C3). Make use of the following NE test: m* is a NE if for every player i, u;(mị , m²¿) = u;(Si, m²¡) for every si E S¡|m¡(sji) > 0 and u¡(m¡ ,m²¡) > u¡(s¡,m;) for every si E S¡ |m¡ (s¡) = 0. Hint: Each player must be indifferent between those of her pure strategies that are used (with positive probability) in her mixed strategy, and unused strategies must not yield a payoff that is higher than the payoff a player gets with her NE (mixed) strategy.] %3D
Micro Nash game theory Consider the game matching pennies with an external option u for player 1. Suppose that u in ]0, 1[. H T H. 1, -1 -1,1 1, -1 T -1,1 й, 0 й, 0 a. Calculate the best response apps for each player. b. Give the set of Nash equilibria for the game.
3. Nash Equilibria Consider the following (normal-form) game. Compute a Nash Equilibrium of this game. U C D L | M R 5,0 1,3 4,0 2,4 1,4 3,5 0,1 1,0 5,0
5. Instead of choosing Game A or Game B in the first stage, player 1 chooses either game B or directly which action to play in game A. Game U D L (10,5) (5,10) R (0,0) (0,0) :Game B: L R U (6,6) (0,0) D (0,0) (0,0) (a) Write the game in extensive form. (b) Solve for all SPNEs of the modified game. (c) Do all the SPNEs give intuitively reasonable predictions? Why or why not? (Hint: think about what the modification of the payoff to game A entail for player 2 in that game and how the predictions contrast with the case where the game is chosen first, then the action.)
Question > Consider the following matrix game where Player 1 moves first then Player 2 observes player 1's move and responds. Draw the game tree for the sequential move game and then determine all the Nash equilibria. Player 1 Strategy A Strategy B Strategy C Strategy D -3, -2 10, 12 9, 20 Player 2 Please show each step on how to get the answer. Thank you! Strategy E 13,7 17, 17 12, 21 Strategy F 20,8 22, 16 19, 19
5. The following problem was first considered by John von Neumann and is a fundamentalresult game theory.A and B play the following game:A writes down either number 1 or number 2, and B must guess which one.If the number that A has written down is i and B has guessed correctly, B receives i units from A.If B makes a wrong guess, B pays 4/5 of a unit to A.First we consider the expected gain of player B.Suppose B guesses 1 with probability p and 2 with probability 1 −p.Let X1 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 1.Let X2 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 2.(a) Find the pmf of X1 and X2(b) Find B’s expected gain for these two cases, E[X1] and E[X2].(c) What value of p maximizes the minimum possible value of B’s expected gain?Now consider the expected loss of player ASuppose that A writes down 1 with probability q and 2 with probability 1 −q.Let Y1 be A’s loss (or gain) if B chooses number 1.Let Y2 be A’s loss (or gain) if B…
7. Solving for dominant strategies and the Nash equilibrium Suppose Antonio and Caroline are playing a game in which both must simultaneously choose the action Left or Right. The payoff matrix that follows shows the payoff each person will earn as a function of both of their choices. For example, the lower-right cell shows that if Antonio chooses Right and Caroline chooses Right, Antonio will receive a payoff of 9 and Caroline will receive a payoff of 8. Caroline Left Right Left 8, 5 8. 7 Antonio Right 3, 6 9, 8 The only dominant strategy in this game is for to choose The outcome reflecting the unique Nash equilibrium in this game is as follows: Antonio chooses and Caroline chooses
1. Use the following game tree to answer parts a & b. At a chance node (Nature's turn) or when a player is indifferent between strategies, each branch has equal likelihood (50% chance they take either path). Nature receives no payoff. Assume players are mistake proof. Use a complete strategy when discussing the results of this game and provide a payoff, even if that payoff is an expected one. Recall that an expected payoff is the "average" payoff: for example if with 50% chance we receive a payoff of 5 and with 50% chance we receive a payoff of 2, the expected payoff is .5 x 5+ .5 x 2 = 3.5 a. What is the outcome of the game? Assume players are risk neutral (i.e., they see no difference in getting a payoff of 5 vs an expected payoff of 5). Red 0, 1, 3, 3 3, 2, 3, 2 Dorothy Blue Top 1, 4, 3, 2 Scarecrow 50% Green Nature Right Bottom 0, 2, 3, 1 Lion 50% 1, 3, 4, 2 3, 4, 3, 2 50% Left Nature 3, 2, 1, 2 Up 50% Red. 1, 3, 4, 2 Down Tinman Blue 0, 3, 3, 3 Yellow Dorothy 4, 3, 4, 2…
1.a) If the three executives of a fraudulent organization report nothing to the authorities, each gets a payoff of 100. If at least one of them blows the whistle, then those who reported the fraud get 28, while those who didn’t get -100. Suppose they play a symmetric mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium where each is silent (does not report fraud) with probability p. What is p?A, 0.1B, 0.28C, 0.5D, 0.8 b) In a two-player game, with strategies and (some known and some unknown) payoffs as shown below, suppose a mixed-strategy equilibrium exists where 1 plays C with probability 3/4, and Player 2 randomizes over X, Y, and Z with equal probabilities. What are the pure-strategy equilibria of this game? A, (A, Y) and (B, X)B, (A, Z) and (C, Y)C, (B, X) and (C, X)D, (C, X) and (C, Y)
7. Solving for dominant strategies and the Nash equilibrium Suppose Gabriel and Nia are playing a game that requires both to simultaneously choose an action: Up or Down. The payoff matrix that follows shows the earnings of each person as a function of both of their choices. For example, the upper-right cell shows that if Gabriel chooses Up and Nia chooses Down, Gabriel will receive a payoff of 6 and Nia will receive a payoff of 4. Gabriel Up Down Up 6,3 3,3 Nia Down 6, 4 7,4 In this game, the only dominant strategy is for to choose The outcome reflecting the unique Nash equilibrium in this game is as follows: Gabriel chooses and Nia chooses