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- (Figure: Fiscal Policy Options) Use Figure: Fiscal Policy Options. If the aggregate demand curve is AD': Price level LRAS SRAS AD" ADFigure 16-7 Price level P3 a P₂ P₁ 0 LRAS A increase taxes LRAS 8 с Y₂ Ya contractionary fiscal policy O increase government spending O decrease interest rates SRAS₁ AD₁ SRAS AD₂ Refer to Figure 16-7. Given that the economy has moved from A to B in the graph above, which of the following would be the appropriate fiscal policy to achieve potential GDP? Real GDP (trillions of dollars)Identify each scenario as an example of expansionary fiscal policy, contractionary fiscal policy, or not an example of fiscal policy. a. An increase in the money supply is b. A decrease in taxes is fiscal policy. not an example of fiscal policy. a contractionary an expansionary d. An increase in tax rates is c. A decrease in the unemployment rate is fiscal policy. fiscal policy. f. A decrease in the money supply is e. A decrease in government spending is fiscal policy. fiscal policy. h. An increase in corporate bonds purchased is g. A decrease in transfer payments is fiscal policy. fiscal policy. i. An increase in government spending is fiscal policy.
- 6. The discretionary fiscal policy initiatives adopted in 2009 were intended mainly to ECOM A. increase aggregate supply. B. increase aggregate demand. C. decrease aggregate supply. balat 800S nhub.aDet D. decrease aggregate demandRefer to the figure at right. Government policy that moved the economy from A to B would be accomplished by O A. an expansionary fiscal policy combined with a contractionary monetary policy. O B. OC. a contractionary fiscal policy combined with an expansionary monetary policy. a contractionary policy that would reduce the rate of inflation and would cause workers to remain unemployed longer than they were before. O D. raising the minimum wage. Inflation Rate 2.5 A B I 6 D Unemployment RateThe graph below depicts an economy where a decline in aggregate demand has caused a recession. Assume the government decides to conduct fiscal policy by increasing government purchases to reduce the burden of this recession. Price Level 160 140 LA 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Fiscal Policy LRAS AD₁ Real GDP (billions of dollars) billion AS 80 160 240 320 400 480 560 640 720 800 AD O Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number. a. How much does aggregate demand need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? billion B b. If the MPC is 0.6, how much does government purchases need to change to shift aggregate demand by the amount you found in part a? Suppose instead that the MPC is 0.75. c. How much does aggregate demand and government purchases need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? Aggregate demand needs to change by $ billion and government purchases need to change by $ billion.
- 2. Discretionary fiscal policy Suppose the economy had been producing at potential output but is now producing above it. Which of the following are discretionary fiscal policies that could bring the economy closer to potential output? Check all that apply. ооо Additional spending on bridge repairs A reduction in spending on new road construction A tax cut A tax increase In the preceding scenario, is the discretionary fiscal policy needed to bring the economy closer to potential output an example of expansionary fiscal policy or contractionary fiscal policy? Expansionary ContractionaryFISCAL POLICY, DEF spending has shifted AD left and now we are at AD • Assume that the economy's full-employment is Q- and we want the government to restore full-employment with stable Py using fiscal tools. It has 3 main options: 1. Increase government spending 2. Reduce taxes 3. Use a combination of the twe Assume that a hypothetical economy with an MPC of 0.8 is experiencing severe recession. 1) By how much would government spending have to increase to shift the aggregate demand curve rightward by $25 billion? How large a tax cut would be needed to achieve this same increase in aggregate demand? Why the difference? 1 Money Multiplier (K) = 1-MPC Total Change in Spending = multiplier × new spending injectionIn which of the following circumstances is expansionary fiscal p In which of the following circumstances is expansionary fiscal policy more likely to lead to a short-run increase in investment? Explain.a. When the investment accelerator is large or when it is small?b. When the interest sensitivity of investment is large or when it is small?
- Given an upward-sloping short-run AS curve, expansionary fiscal policy (ceteris paribus) will result in: (i) Higher prices in the short run (ii) Higher output in the short run (iii) Higher prices in the long run (iv) Higher output in the long run O a. Only (i) and (ii) O b. Only (iii) and (iv) O c. Only (ii) and (iii) O d. Only (i) and (iv)The graph below depicts an economy where a decline in aggregate demand has caused a recession. Assume the government decides to conduct fiscal policy by increasing government purchases to reduce the burden of this recession. 160 Price Level 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Fiscal Policy LRAS AS 80 160 240 320 400 480 560 640 720 800 AD AD₁ Real GDP (billions of dollars) billion Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number. a. How much does aggregate demand need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? $ billion b. If the MPC is 0.75, how much does government purchases need to change to shift aggregate demand by the amount you found in part a? $ Suppose Instead that the MPC is 0.9. C. How much does aggregate demand and government purchases need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? Aggregate demand needs to change by $ billion and government purchases need to change by $ billion.Some politicians have suggested that the United States enact a constitutional amendment requiring that the Federal government balance its budget annually. Such an amendment, f strictly enforced, would force the government to enact a contractionary fiscal policy whenever the economy experienced a severe recession. This is because when the economy enters a recession, 0000 net tax revenue falls and transfer payments rise. Balancing the budget would require raising transfer payments and raising taxes. net tax revenue rises and transfer payments fall. Balancing the budget would require raising transfer payments and lowering taxes. net tax revenue falls and transfer payments rise. Balancing the budget would require lowering transfer payments and raising taxes net tax revenue rises and transfer payments fall. Balancing the budget would require lowering transfer payments and lowering taxes