3 The second welfare theorem Two agents meet to trade two goods. Agent 1 has utility function u¹(x¹) = ln x + ln x and endowment e¹ (3,4), while agent 2 has utility function u²(x²) = 2√x² + √√x² and endowment e² = (0,8). 1. Find a competitive equilibrium of this economy. 2. A social planner wishes to redistribute wealth so that both agents consume an equal amount of good 2. Find a competitive equilibrium with transfers which achieves this outcome. 3. Calculate a set of Pareto weights associated with each of the allocations you found in the previous two parts, with the normalization that each set of weights sums to 1.

3 The second welfare theorem Two agents meet to trade two goods. Agent 1 has utility function u¹(x¹) = ln x + ln x and endowment e¹ (3,4), while agent 2 has utility function u²(x²) = 2√x² + √√x² and endowment e² = (0,8). 1. Find a competitive equilibrium of this economy. 2. A social planner wishes to redistribute wealth so that both agents consume an equal amount of good 2. Find a competitive equilibrium with transfers which achieves this outcome. 3. Calculate a set of Pareto weights associated with each of the allocations you found in the previous two parts, with the normalization that each set of weights sums to 1.

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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5. Sheila and Bruce are taking a canoe trip. Sheila brought 10 boxes of peanuts (x) and 15 bags of chips (y). Sheila's utility function is U*(x,y) = lnvx*+ Invy°. Bruce also brought 20 boxes of peanuts and 5 bags of chips. Bruce's utility function is UB(x.y) = min[x', y'I. a) Illustrate the endowment point and draw a sample set of indifference curves through the endowment point. b) If Sheila and Bruce trade what will be the pattern of mutually beneficial trade? c) If the terms of trade are the number of bags of chips (y) per box of peanuts (x) then what is the largest value that these terms can be for a mutually beneficial trade in this economy? d) Find one mutually beneficial trade where the terms of trade are 1 bag of chips (y) per 2 boxes of peanuts (x). Suppose that Sheila and Bruce set up two competitive markets for peanuts and chips. Below you will show that if the price of peanuts (x) is $1 and the price of chips (y) is $2 then the markets for both peanuts and chips will clear.…
5.18 In a two-good, two-consumer economy, utility functions are u¹ (x₁, x₂) = x₁(x₂)², u² (x₁, x₂) = (x₁)²x₂. Total endowments are (10, 20). (a) A social planner wants to allocate goods to maximise consumer 1's utility while holding con- sumer 2's utility at u² = 8000/27. Find the assignment of goods to consumers that solves the planner's problem and show that the solution is Pareto efficient. (b) Suppose, instead, that the planner just divides the endowments so that e¹ = (10, 0) and e² = (0, 20) and then lets the consumers transact through perfectly competitive markets. Find the Walrasian equilibrium and show that the WEAs are the same as the solution in part (a).
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Please answer every part. 4. Consider an economy consisting of two individuals, Ann and Bob, and two goods, scotch and wine. Aun has 5 bottles of scoteh and 2 bottles of wine as her endowment, while Bob has 3 bottles of each. Suppose their preferences are described by the following utility functions uA(s, w) = sw and up(s, w) = s'u. Assume also that the prices of goods scotch and wine are represented by P,= 1 (scotch is the mumeraire), and P>0. a. Sketch the Edgeworth box of the economy with Ann at the lower left corner and Bob at the upper right corner; scotch on the horizontal axis, and wine on the vertical axis. Indicate the endowment point e in the box. b. Write the budget lines for Ann and Bob. e. Solve Ann's utility maximization problem. Expross Ann's optimal consumption bundle in terms of P. d. Solve Bob's utility maximization problem. Express Bob's optimal consumption bundle in terms of P. e. Define competitive equilibrium. Compute and plot the CE for this problem.
3. Christina loves pizza and hates burger. Her utility function is U(p – b) = p – 6", where is the number of pizzas she consumes and b is the number of burgers she consumes. John likes both pizza and burger. His utility function is U(p, b) = p + 2\b Christina has an initial endowment of no pizzas and 8 burgers. John has an initial endowment of 16 pizzas and 8 burgers. a. Graph the initial endowment and label it E b. If Christina hates burgers and John likes them, how many burgers can Christina and John be consuming at a Pareto optimal allocation? What is John's marginal utility for pizzas and burgers? Mark the locus of Pareto optimal allocations of pizzas and burgers between Christina and John on the grapsh above.
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2. Assuming Bart and Homer barter (no pun intended), highlight the area of all post-trade allocations both of them prefer to their initial endowment. 3. What determines which particular post-trade allocation they end up with? Marge observes what is going on and intervenes. She (acting as the "Government' in our example) decides that Bart should not have any beer. She makes a lump-sum transfer leading to new initial endowments for Bart (0,21) and Homer (38,0). 4. In your Edgeworth box show the new initial endowments after the lumpsum transfer imposed by Marge. Label this poișt e2. (1 point) 5. After Marge's transfer mark one new possible post-trade allocation (Label this point f.) and draw the associated indifference curves for Bart and Homer. (1 point) 6. Did Marge succeed in her mission to not let Bart have any beer? Why or why not? 7. Add the contract curve to your Edgeworth box. 8. What do all points on the contract curve have in common?
Suppose that Abel and Eden spend their incomes on two goods, food (F) and clothing (C).Abel’s preferences are represented by the utility function U(F,C)=10FC, while Eden’spreferences are represented by the utility function U(F,C)= 0.20F2C2A) With food on the horizontal axis and clothing on the vertical axis, identify on a graph theset of points that give Abel the same level of utility as the bundle (10, 5). Do the same forEden on a separate graph.B) On the same two graphs, identify the set of bundles that give Abel and Eden the samelevel of utility as the bundle (15, 8).C) Do you think Abel and Eden have the same preferences or different preferences? Explain
John and Belle consume only two goods, x and y. They have strictly convex preferences and no kinks in their indifference curves. At the initial endowment point, the ratio of John's marginal utility of x to his marginal utility of y is J and the ratio of Belle's marginal utility of x to her marginal utility of y is B, where ] B. b. C < J. c. C = J. d. C = B. e. J
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3. Anita (A), Ben (B) and Carlos (C) are housemates who have moved to a new house and must decide how to allocate rooms X, Y and Z. An 'allocation' is where each housemate is assigned to exactly one room. For example, Anita → Room Z, Ben → Room X and Carlos → Room Y is allocation (Z, X, Y). Utilities for each room are given below: Utility for A Utility for B Utility for C Room X 7 9 2 Room Y 4 3 7 Room Z 2 1 4 (a) How many possible allocations are there in total? (b) Identify the two allocations which are not Pareto optimal and explain why they are not Pareto optimal. (Hint: is the allocation (Y,Z,X) Pareto optimal?) (c) Suppose we square Carlos' utility from each room (i.e. uc (Z) becomes 16). Would the set of Pareto optimal outcomes change? Why/why not? (d) Returning to the utilities from part (a), which of the Pareto optimal allocations maximise total surplus (utility) and would all housemates weakly prefer this allocation over any other? (e) Suppose the housemates decide to…
16.11. Ted and Joe each consume peaches, x, and plums, y. The consumers have identical 10y7x7, MRS = 10yr^TTogether, they have 10 peaches MRSJoe utility functions, with and 10 plums. Verify whether each of the following allocations is on the contract curve: a) Ted: 8 plums and 9 peaches; Joe: 2 plums and 1 peach. b) Ted: 1 plum and 1 peach; Joe: 9 plums and 9 peaches. %3D