24 Chapter 4: The Second Law of Thermodynamics (b) 2Mg(s) + 02(g) 2MgO(s) (c) 2H202(1) 2H20(l)+02(g) (d) H2 (g) + CO2 (g) → H2O(g) + CO(g) 4.54 Calculate the entropy change when neon at 25°C and 1.0 atm in a container of volume 0.780 L is allowed to expand to 1.25 L and is simultaneously heated to 85°C. Assume ideal behavior. (Hint: Because S is a state function, you can first calculate the value of AS for expansion and then calculate the value of△S for heating at constant final volume.) 4.55 Photosynthesis makes use of photons of visible light to bring about chemical changes. Explain why heat energy in the form of infrared photons is ineffective for photosynthesis. 4.56 One mole of an ideal monatomic gas is com- pressed from 2.0 atm to 6.0 atm while being cooled from 400 K to 300 K. Calculate the values of Δ U and AS for the process. 4.57 The three laws of thermodynamics are sometimes stated colloquially as follows: First law: You cannot get something for nothing; Second law: The best you can do is break even; Third law: You cannot break even. Provide a scientific basis for each of these statements. (Hint: One consequence of the third law is that it is im- possible to attain the absolute zero of temnerature ,

24 Chapter 4: The Second Law of Thermodynamics (b) 2Mg(s) + 02(g) 2MgO(s) (c) 2H202(1) 2H20(l)+02(g) (d) H2 (g) + CO2 (g) → H2O(g) + CO(g) 4.54 Calculate the entropy change when neon at 25°C and 1.0 atm in a container of volume 0.780 L is allowed to expand to 1.25 L and is simultaneously heated to 85°C. Assume ideal behavior. (Hint: Because S is a state function, you can first calculate the value of AS for expansion and then calculate the value of△S for heating at constant final volume.) 4.55 Photosynthesis makes use of photons of visible light to bring about chemical changes. Explain why heat energy in the form of infrared photons is ineffective for photosynthesis. 4.56 One mole of an ideal monatomic gas is com- pressed from 2.0 atm to 6.0 atm while being cooled from 400 K to 300 K. Calculate the values of Δ U and AS for the process. 4.57 The three laws of thermodynamics are sometimes stated colloquially as follows: First law: You cannot get something for nothing; Second law: The best you can do is break even; Third law: You cannot break even. Provide a scientific basis for each of these statements. (Hint: One consequence of the third law is that it is im- possible to attain the absolute zero of temnerature ,

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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