2. To the solution at 100°C described in Problem 1d, an additional 15 g of water are added. The solution is then cooled to 0°C. Again, use Figure 1 to answer the questions below. Again, SHOW ALL WORK. How much KNO3 remains dissolved in solution at 0°C ? (See Figure 1.) а. g KNO3 b. How much KNO3 would crystallize out of the solution at 0°C ? (If there is too much of a substance for it all to dissolve, the remainder must crystallize out.) g KNO3 C. How much CUSO, • 5H2O would crystallize out of the solution at 0°C ? g CuSO4-5H2O d. What percentage of the KNO3 in the sample is recovered as solid crystals at 0°C ? (Note that this percentage is less than 100% and represents the theoretical maximum possible recovery at this temperature.)
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
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