2. A transcontinental airliner cruises at an altitude of 12 km (T = -55 C and P 200 hPa). a) Compute the potential temperature of the air at this altitude b) If the cabin pressure is 800 hPa, what is the temperature of air brought in adiabatically from the environment?
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- #4A weather balloon containing 130 moles of an Ideal Gas is released at sea level (atmospheric pressure) and has a volume of 3.1m³. While it rises through the atmosphere, the balloon remains at constant temperature. When it reaches its maximum altitude, the pressure drops to one sixth of its original pressure. a. What is the Temperature of the balloon at liftoff? a. What is the volume of the balloon at its maximum altitude? b. How much work is done by the gas in the balloon during this expansion?*17. ssm Refer to Multiple-Concept Example 3 to see how the concepts pertinent to this problem are used. The pressure of a gas remains constant while the temperature, volume, and internal energy of the gas increase by 53.0 C°, 1.40 X 10-3 m², and 939 J, respectively. The mass of the gas is 24.0 g, and its specific heat capacity is 1080 J/(kg · C"). Determine the pressure.
- 7. Figure 3 shows the expansion of an ideal gas from initial volume V; = 0.25 m3 and pressure P = 200 kPa to final volume Vf = 1 m? and pressure Pf = 50 kPa. P (kPa) 200 150 100 a) The process depicted in Figure 3 is one of four the following fundamental 50 isobaric, isothermal, and adiabatic. Which type of process is it? Why? Explain your answer. processes: isochoric, V (m³ ) 0.25 0.5 0.75 Figure 3 b) Calculate the work done in this process. Show your work.4. A quantity of gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2) occupies a volume of 5.00x10^-3 m³ at a pressure of 1.10x10^5 Pa. The gas expands adiabatically to a volume of 1.00x10^2 m³. Assume that the gas behaves ideally. a) Calculate the final pressure of the gas. b) How much work does the gas do on its surroundings? c) Determine the ratio final temperature: initial temperature of the gas2. A monatomic ideal gas expands from point A to point B along the path shown in the figure. How much heat has been added to the gas during the process? (The horizontal axis is marked in increments of 2.50 m².) J 6.00 4.00 B 2.00 Volume, m3 Pressure, (x105 Pa)
- 2. As an example of microscopic thermodynamic analysis based on thermal-energy microstates, the figure to the right illustrates two systems (A and B), each containing two indistinguishable particles and possible energy levels from 1 to 8, with a particle residing in a given energy level having the same amount of energy as the level (e.g., a particle in energy-level 4 has 4 units of energy). The combined systems have a fixed total of 12 units of energy. Assuming that energy can be exchanged between the two systems, calculate the difference in entropy between condition #1 where the left-hand side has 8 units of energy and the right-hand side has 4 units of energy compared to condition #2 when the two sides reach their equilibrium condition. Note that the figure just shows one example of a configuration for condition #1. A 8 8 7 7 6 4 4 2 2 1 13. A system does 1.80×10° Jof work while 7.50×108 J of heat transfer occurs to the environment. What is the change in internal energy of the system assuming no other changes (such as in temperature or by the addition of fuel)?6. DETAILS SERPSE10 19.6.OP.026. MY NOTES ASK YOUR TEACHER At midday when a shopping center with a flat black roof is directly under the Sun, it receives 1,000 W of solar power per square meter of surface from the Sun. If this hot surface loses energy only by radiation back into the atmosphere, what is its equilibrium temperature (in K)? You may use an emissivity of e=1 for a black surface. K
- 2. As an example of microscopic thermodynamic analysis based on thermal-energy microstates, the figure to the right illustrates two systems (A and B), each containing two indistinguishable particles and possible energy levels from 1 to 8, with a particle residing in a given energy level having the same amount of energy as the level (e.g., a particle in energy-level 4 has 4 units of energy). The combined systems have a fixed total of 12 units of energy. Assuming that energy can be exchanged between the two systems, calculate the difference in entropy between condition #1 where the left-hand side has 8 units of energy and the right-hand side has 4 units of energy compared to condition #2 when the two sides reach their equilibrium condition. Note that the figure just shows one example of a configuration for condition #1. 8. 8 7 7 5 4 4 3 2 2 1 1Calculate the molar heat capacities of the following gases: a. Helium ( molar mass= 4.00 g/mole) b. A monatomic gas that has a molar that is 5 times the molar mass of helium. c.Hydrogen ( molar mass = 1.00 g/mole) d. Carbon Dioxide ( molar mass = 44.0 g/mole)24