Table 20.1 Specific Heats of Some Substances at 25°C and Atmospheric Pressure Specific Heat (J/kg · °C) Specific Heat (J/kg · °C) Substance Substance Elemental solids Other solids Aluminum 900 Brass 380 1 830 837 Beryllium Cadmium Glass 230 Ice (-5°C) 2 090 387 Copper Germanium Marble 860 322 Wood 1 700 Gold 129 Liquids Alcohol (ethyl) Mercury Water (15°C) Iron 448 2 400 Lead 128 140 Silicon 703 4 186 Silver 234 Gas Steam (100°C) 2 010 Note: To convert values to units of cal/g• °C, divide by 4 186.
Latent heat and phase change
A physical process in which a conversion among the basic states or phases of matter, i.e., solid, liquid, and gas takes place under the effect of a certain temperature and pressure is referred to as a phase change. Generally, the phase change of a substance occurs when heat transfer takes place between the substance and its surroundings. Based on the direction in which heat transfer takes place, different types of phase changes can occur.
Triple Point of Water
The branch of physics in which observer deals with temperature related properties is called thermodynamics.
Boiling Point of Water
Everyday examples of boiling is, boiling milk, heating water. One would have observed that when we heat water it goes through various stages and at one point bubbles show in water, and water keeps splashing with bubbles bursting, we in layman terms say that water is boiling.
Freezing Point of Water
In general, the freezing point of water is 0° Celsius, or 32° Fahrenheit. This is the temperature at which water will ordinarily change from its liquid state to its solid state (ice). However, there are certain conditions that can affect the freezing point of water. For example, a liquid may be supercooled or contain impurities so that it does not freeze at the ordinary freezing point.
4. A 5.00-g silver coin at 35.0°C drops 100.0 m to the ground. Assuming 70.0% of the change in
gravitational potential energy of the coin–Earth system goes into increasing the internal energy
of the coin, determine the coin’s final temperature.
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