18. Researchers have noted a decline in cognitive func- tioning as people age (Bartus, 1990). However, the results from other research suggest that the antioxi- dants in foods such as blueberries can reduce and even reverse these age-related declines, at least in laboratory rats (Joseph et al., 1999). Based on these results, one might theorize that the same antioxi- dants might also benefit elderly humans. Suppose a researcher is interested in testing this theory. The researcher obtains a sample of n = 16 adults who are older than 65, and gives each participant a daily dose of a blueberry supplement that is very high in antioxi- dants. After taking the supplement for 6 months, the participants are given a standardized cognitive skills test and produce a mean score of M = 50.2. For the general population of elderly adults, scores on the test average pu = 45 and form a normal distribution with o = 9. a. Can the researcher conclude that the supplement has a significant effect on cognitive skill? Use a two-tailed test with a = || .05. b. Compute Cohen’s d for this study. c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.

18. Researchers have noted a decline in cognitive func- tioning as people age (Bartus, 1990). However, the results from other research suggest that the antioxi- dants in foods such as blueberries can reduce and even reverse these age-related declines, at least in laboratory rats (Joseph et al., 1999). Based on these results, one might theorize that the same antioxi- dants might also benefit elderly humans. Suppose a researcher is interested in testing this theory. The researcher obtains a sample of n = 16 adults who are older than 65, and gives each participant a daily dose of a blueberry supplement that is very high in antioxi- dants. After taking the supplement for 6 months, the participants are given a standardized cognitive skills test and produce a mean score of M = 50.2. For the general population of elderly adults, scores on the test average pu = 45 and form a normal distribution with o = 9. a. Can the researcher conclude that the supplement has a significant effect on cognitive skill? Use a two-tailed test with a = || .05. b. Compute Cohen’s d for this study. c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.

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Concept explainers

2-Proportion Test

In a 2-proportion test, two separate proportions are measured at the same time, and their similarity is evaluated. It is also known as a 2-proportion z-test, and a comparison of two different proportions is done in this method.

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Question

18. Researchers have noted a decline in cognitive func-
tioning as people age (Bartus, 1990). However, the
results from other research suggest that the antioxi-
dants in foods such as blueberries can reduce and
even reverse these age-related declines, at least in
laboratory rats (Joseph et al., 1999). Based on these
results, one might theorize that the same antioxi-
dants might also benefit elderly humans. Suppose
a researcher is interested in testing this theory. The
researcher obtains a sample of n =
older than 65, and gives each participant a daily dose
of a blueberry supplement that is very high in antioxi-
dants. After taking the supplement for 6 months, the
participants are given a standardized cognitive skills
test and produce a mean score of M = 50.2. For the
general population of elderly adults, scores on the test
average u = 45 and form a normal distribution with
= 9.
a. Can the researcher conclude that the supplement
has a significant effect on cognitive skill? Use a
two-tailed test with a =
16 adults who are
=
= .05.
b. Compute Cohen's d for this study.
c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the outcome
of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect
size would appear in a research report.

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