16. Why 70% alcohol is used as a disinfectant? Circle all possible explanation. O A. Alcohol denatures proteins in the plasma membrane or viral body thus destroying it rendering them ineffective and causing cell death or inhibiting reproduction. В. Water is used as a catalyst for the denaturation of proteins that leads to cell membrane destruction. O C. Alcohol can be taken in orally, destroys cells that entered the body. V D. Diluted alcohol evaporates slower compared to a pure alcohol since its highly volatile, providing more time for chemical reactions to take place. Е. 100% alcohol coagulates proteins instantly creating a film that protects the other proteins from further coagulation preventing other alcohol molecules to react and destroy the cell membrane. O F. Alcohol has a dehydrating effect and may interfere with the functioning of cell membranes.

16. Why 70% alcohol is used as a disinfectant? Circle all possible explanation. O A. Alcohol denatures proteins in the plasma membrane or viral body thus destroying it rendering them ineffective and causing cell death or inhibiting reproduction. В. Water is used as a catalyst for the denaturation of proteins that leads to cell membrane destruction. O C. Alcohol can be taken in orally, destroys cells that entered the body. V D. Diluted alcohol evaporates slower compared to a pure alcohol since its highly volatile, providing more time for chemical reactions to take place. Е. 100% alcohol coagulates proteins instantly creating a film that protects the other proteins from further coagulation preventing other alcohol molecules to react and destroy the cell membrane. O F. Alcohol has a dehydrating effect and may interfere with the functioning of cell membranes.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter9: Gene Expression And Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CS: There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s....

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There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (VCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (VCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes VCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from VCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. How can a prion replicate itself without genetic material?
17. How does soap help in killing bacteria and other pathogens? Choose all that applies V A. Soaps forms insoluble fats in acidic water creating a precipitate known as soap scums. O B. Soap dissolves the fat molecules in the membrane of cells and viral bodies causing the membranes to fall apart O c. Soap contains fat-like substances known as amphiphiles which competes with the lipids found in the cell membranes and virus membranes causing the cell or virus in active. O D. Soaps are surfactants, allowing now the fat molecules in the cell membranes and viruses to mix (emulsify) with water thus reducing their affinity to the skin and are easily washed away by water. E. Dirt molecules, bacteria and viruses are chemically attracted to soap molecules so that they are washed away with the water when you rinse your hands.
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