14.33 A preservative was added to fresh and wilted alfalfa silage (Snedecor 1948). The lactic acid concentration was measured at five periods after ensiling began. There were two replications. The results are given in Table 14.6. Let factor A be condition (fresh or wilted) and factor B be period. Test for main effects and interactions.
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- A study was conducted to determine if lung cancer altered levels of surfactant in the alveoli of the lung. Seven healthy subjects in the study yielded the following data on surfactant levels: 18, 12, 15, 15, 16, 9, 17. Seven lung cancer patients yielded the following results: 16, 8, 7, 15, 11, 12, 9. Do these data indicate a difference in the surfactant level with cancer? Let α = 0.05. Give the p-value.2.2 In the following descriptions of a study, confounding is present. Describe the explanatory and confounding variable in the study and how the confounding may invalidate the conclusions of the study. Furthermore, suggest how you would change the study to eliminate the effect of the confounding variable. A hospital introduces a new screening procedure to identify patients suffering from a stroke so that a new blood clot medication can be given to the patient during the crucial period of 12 hours after stroke begins. The procedure appears to be very successful because in the first year of its implementation there is a higher rate of total recovery by the patients in comparison to the rate in the previous year for patients admitted to the hospital. A high school mathematics teacher is convinced that a new software program will improve math scores for students taking the SAT. As a method of evaluating her theory, she offers the students an opportunity to use the software on the…The Airline Passenger Association studied the relationship between the number of passengers on a particular flight and the cost of the flight. It seems logical that more passengers on the flight will result in more weight and more luaggage, which in turn will result in higher fuel costs. For a sample of 13 flights, the correlation between the number of passengers and total fuel cost was .37. Is it reasonable to conclude that there is positive association in the population between the two variables? H0: p≤0 Ha: p >0 Use the 5% significant level, what is the p-value?____________ What is your decision regarding H0 or the hull hypothesis? Reject or Do not Reject______________ Draw a conclusion. Specifically, what does this indicate about the question?
- Cardiovascular Disease Suppose the incidence rate of myocardial infarction (MI) was 5 per 1000 among 45- to 54-year-old men in 2000. To look at changes in incidence over time, 5000 men in this age group were followed for 1 year starting in 2010. Fifteen new cases of MI were found. 7.14 Of the 15 new MI cases in the preceding study, 5 died within 24 hours. Test whether the 24-hour case- fatality rate changed from 2000 to 2010.The authors of a paper classified characters who were depicted smoking in movies released between a certain range of years. The smoking characters were classified according to sex and whether the character type was positive, negative, or neutral. The resulting data are summarized in the accompanying table. Assume that it is reasonable to consider this sample of smoking movie characters as representative of smoking movie characters. Do the data provide evidence an association between sex and character type for movie characters who smoke? Use α = 0.05. Sex = Male Female Positive Negative Neutral 256 Character Type 85 107 11 132 51 Calculate the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.) x² Use technology to calculate the P-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) P-value = What can you conclude? O Reject Ho. There is convincing evidence to conclude that there is an association between sex and character type for movie characters who smoke. Fail to reject Ho.…Please provide Handwritten answer
- More than 10% of people carry the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The life-long presence of Toxoplasma cysts in neural and muscular tissues leads to prolongation of reaction times in infected subjects. The following table gives data from Prague on 15- to 29-year-old drivers who had been and had not been involved in accidents. The table also gives the number of drivers who were infected with Toxoplasma gondii and who were uninfected. Infected Uninfected Drivers with accidents 21 38 Drivers without accidents 38 211 Source: Flegr. J Havlicek, J., Kodym, P. Malý, M. & Smahel, Z. (2002). Increased risk of traffic accidents in subjects with latent toxoplasmosis: a retrospective case- control study. BMC infectious diseasex, 2, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-2-11 Complete the sentences to form the correct statements identifying the explanatory and response variables. Select from here: infection status. The explanatory variable is place of living. accident state. The response variable is age…4. A new medication is being developed to treat severe nausea and vomiting among chemotherapy patients. The information below was generated from a small sample size (n = 11) and shows the number of times a chemotherapy patient vomited both before and after treatment due to the side effects of chemotherapy. Set up and interpret the results of a sign test at the alpha equals .05 level to determine if there is a difference in symptoms before and after treatment. Chemotherapy Patient Before Treatment After Treatment Difference Sign 1 9 3 6 + 2 12 5 8 + 3 14 7 7 + 4 9 4 5 + 5 8 2 6 + 6 11 3 8 + 7 15 7 8 + 8 12 8 4 + 9 7 8 -1 - 10 9 5 4 + 11 8 7 1 + We reject H0 in favor of H1, which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are not equal because 1 is less or equal to the critical…13.38 An experiment is conducted in which 4 treat- ments are to be compared in 5 blocks. The data are given below. Block 3 11.7 10.7 11.0 Treatment 2 4 5 12.8 10.6 11.7 14.2 11.8 9.9 13.8 3 4 11.5 14.7 13.6 10.7 15.9 12.6 16.5 15.4 9.6 17.1 (a) Assuming a random effects model, test the hypoth- esis, at the 0.05 level of significance, that there is no difference between treatment means. (b) Compute estimates of the treatment and block vari- ance components.
- Dr. Maddan's eye drops are supposed to cause significant reduction is eye redness. The following table shows the results of a recent study where a random sample of individuals took part in a placebo controlled study. No Reduction in Redness Reduction in Redness Total Eye Drops 120 220 340 No Eye Drops Total 120 140 260 240 360 600 With 5% level of significance, determine if eye redness reduction is dependent upon taking the eye drops. Provide, a. the Chi-square statistic. b. the critical value or the p-value. c. Your decision on whether or not to reject Ho.To evaluate the coagulation effects of three drugs, 30 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned into 3 groups and injected with different drugs. Their relevant coagulation times were measured as follows A(group=1): 36.8 34.4 34.3 35.7 33.2 31.1 34.3 29.8 35.4 31.2B(group=2): 40.0 35.5 36.7 39.3 40.1 36.8 33.4 38.3 38.4 39.8C(group=3): 32.9 37.9 30.5 31.1 34.7 37.6 40.2 38.1 32.4 35.6Questions: ① If you want to evaluate whether the coagulation effects of the three drugs are different, which method should be used? and what are the model assumptionsfor the application of this method?② Compare the difference of the coagulation effects among three drugs by SPSS,present the main results and make interpretation.③ Make pairwise comparisons of the efficacy of the three drugs, write out the method of pairwise comparison you adopted (just write one method) and the corresponding p-values.