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14-16. List the group (nonpolar, polar, acidic, or basic) for each of the following armino acids: for naming the actual amino acid) 14. 15. HO NH 2 O NH2 ... OH *** OH

14-16. List the group (nonpolar, polar, acidic, or basic) for each of the following armino acids: for naming the actual amino acid) 14. 15. HO NH 2 O NH2 ... OH *** OH

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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**Amino Acid Classification Exercise** **Instructions:** For questions 14-16, classify each amino acid as nonpolar, polar, acidic, or basic. Note that you do not need to name the amino acid itself. **Question:** 14. Identify the classification of this amino acid. - Structure: The amino acid has a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (OH) attached, linked to an amino group (NH₂) and a carboxyl group (COOH). 15. Identify the classification of this amino acid. - Structure: The amino acid includes a phenyl ring linked to an amino group (NH₂) and a carboxyl group (COOH). **Diagram Explanation:** - Both diagrams depict amino acids. - Each amino acid consists of a central carbon (alpha carbon) connected to an amino group (NH₂), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a distinctive side chain. - The first diagram features an amino acid with a polar side chain due to the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) group. - The second diagram shows an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain, typical of phenylalkyl groups. Consider these characteristics when determining the classification of each amino acid.
Transcribed Image Text:**Amino Acid Classification Exercise** **Instructions:** For questions 14-16, classify each amino acid as nonpolar, polar, acidic, or basic. Note that you do not need to name the amino acid itself. **Question:** 14. Identify the classification of this amino acid. - Structure: The amino acid has a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (OH) attached, linked to an amino group (NH₂) and a carboxyl group (COOH). 15. Identify the classification of this amino acid. - Structure: The amino acid includes a phenyl ring linked to an amino group (NH₂) and a carboxyl group (COOH). **Diagram Explanation:** - Both diagrams depict amino acids. - Each amino acid consists of a central carbon (alpha carbon) connected to an amino group (NH₂), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a distinctive side chain. - The first diagram features an amino acid with a polar side chain due to the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) group. - The second diagram shows an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain, typical of phenylalkyl groups. Consider these characteristics when determining the classification of each amino acid.
The image contains structural diagrams of two amino acids, which are chemical compounds important in biology. Below is a description of each structure: 1. **Top Structure:** - This is the structural formula for **Phenylalanine**, an essential amino acid. - It consists of a benzene ring attached to a CH2 (methylene) group, which is linked to a central carbon atom (alpha carbon). - The alpha carbon is bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and a hydrogen atom. - The structure shows typical amino acid bonding with the amino group on the left, a chiral center at the alpha carbon, and the carboxylic acid group on the right. 2. **Bottom Structure:** - This represents **Cysteine**, a sulfur-containing amino acid. - The core includes an alpha carbon bonded to a functional amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a thiol group (SH). - The presence of the thiol group is characteristic of cysteine, giving it the ability to form disulfide bonds, which are important for protein structure. Both diagrams use standard conventions for illustrating organic molecules, with lines representing bonds between atoms, and certain atoms like carbon often implied at the intersections of lines. Each structure highlights the amino and carboxyl functional groups typical of amino acids.
Transcribed Image Text:The image contains structural diagrams of two amino acids, which are chemical compounds important in biology. Below is a description of each structure: 1. **Top Structure:** - This is the structural formula for **Phenylalanine**, an essential amino acid. - It consists of a benzene ring attached to a CH2 (methylene) group, which is linked to a central carbon atom (alpha carbon). - The alpha carbon is bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and a hydrogen atom. - The structure shows typical amino acid bonding with the amino group on the left, a chiral center at the alpha carbon, and the carboxylic acid group on the right. 2. **Bottom Structure:** - This represents **Cysteine**, a sulfur-containing amino acid. - The core includes an alpha carbon bonded to a functional amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a thiol group (SH). - The presence of the thiol group is characteristic of cysteine, giving it the ability to form disulfide bonds, which are important for protein structure. Both diagrams use standard conventions for illustrating organic molecules, with lines representing bonds between atoms, and certain atoms like carbon often implied at the intersections of lines. Each structure highlights the amino and carboxyl functional groups typical of amino acids.
Expert Solution
Step 1: Amino acids can be either polar or nonpolar

Amino acids are broadly grouped into polar and nonpolar. Nonpolar amino acids can be further divided into charged and uncharged amino acids. Charged amino acids can be further divided into acidic and basic amino acids.

Acidic amino acids are aspartate (Asp; D) and glutamate (Glu; E).

Basic amino acids are histidine (His; H), lysine (Lys; K) and arginine (Arg; R).

Note : Within the bracket, the 3 letter and 1 letter representation of the amino acids are given (3 letters ; 1 letter).

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