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Chemistry
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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Find all the IR Peak Assignment and NMR Peak Assignment
### Infrared (IR) Spectrum Analysis

This image displays an infrared spectroscopy (IR) spectrum for a chemical compound with the formula C₉H₁₀O₂. The graph presents several peaks that indicate different vibrational modes of the molecules within the compound.

#### Graph Explanation:

**X-Axis:** Wavenumbers (cm⁻¹) - This represents the frequency of light absorbed by the sample. It ranges from about 4000 cm⁻¹ to 400 cm⁻¹.

**Y-Axis:** Percent Transmittance - This shows the percentage of light that passes through the sample. A lower percentage indicates higher absorption at that frequency.

**Notable Peaks:**
- **2967.18 cm⁻¹, 2932.09 cm⁻¹, 2869.21 cm⁻¹:** Indicative of C-H stretching in alkanes.
- **1717.57 cm⁻¹:** Suggests the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O).
- **1599.44 cm⁻¹, 1504.64 cm⁻¹:** Correspond to C=C stretching in aromatics.
- **1461.99 cm⁻¹, 1376.08 cm⁻¹:** Likely related to C-H bending.
- **1271.10 cm⁻¹, 1227.27 cm⁻¹, 1171.09 cm⁻¹, 1141.29 cm⁻¹:** Possibly C-O stretching or other complex vibrations.

### Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrum Analysis

Two Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra are shown, typically used to determine the structure of organic molecules.

#### Graph Explanation:

**X-Axis:** Chemical Shift (ppm) - This indicates the environment of hydrogen atoms (H-NMR) in the molecule.

##### Peaks:
- **1: About 10.0-9.5 ppm:** Possibly related to proton(s) attached to a highly electronegative group or in an aldehyde.
- **2: Around 4.0 ppm:** Indicates protons adjacent to electronegative atoms like oxygen.
- **3: Spanning 1.5 ppm:** Suggests protons in a less electronegative environment, such as alkyl groups.
- **4: Between 8.5-7.5 ppm:** Correlates with aromatic protons, indicative of
Transcribed Image Text:### Infrared (IR) Spectrum Analysis This image displays an infrared spectroscopy (IR) spectrum for a chemical compound with the formula C₉H₁₀O₂. The graph presents several peaks that indicate different vibrational modes of the molecules within the compound. #### Graph Explanation: **X-Axis:** Wavenumbers (cm⁻¹) - This represents the frequency of light absorbed by the sample. It ranges from about 4000 cm⁻¹ to 400 cm⁻¹. **Y-Axis:** Percent Transmittance - This shows the percentage of light that passes through the sample. A lower percentage indicates higher absorption at that frequency. **Notable Peaks:** - **2967.18 cm⁻¹, 2932.09 cm⁻¹, 2869.21 cm⁻¹:** Indicative of C-H stretching in alkanes. - **1717.57 cm⁻¹:** Suggests the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O). - **1599.44 cm⁻¹, 1504.64 cm⁻¹:** Correspond to C=C stretching in aromatics. - **1461.99 cm⁻¹, 1376.08 cm⁻¹:** Likely related to C-H bending. - **1271.10 cm⁻¹, 1227.27 cm⁻¹, 1171.09 cm⁻¹, 1141.29 cm⁻¹:** Possibly C-O stretching or other complex vibrations. ### Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrum Analysis Two Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra are shown, typically used to determine the structure of organic molecules. #### Graph Explanation: **X-Axis:** Chemical Shift (ppm) - This indicates the environment of hydrogen atoms (H-NMR) in the molecule. ##### Peaks: - **1: About 10.0-9.5 ppm:** Possibly related to proton(s) attached to a highly electronegative group or in an aldehyde. - **2: Around 4.0 ppm:** Indicates protons adjacent to electronegative atoms like oxygen. - **3: Spanning 1.5 ppm:** Suggests protons in a less electronegative environment, such as alkyl groups. - **4: Between 8.5-7.5 ppm:** Correlates with aromatic protons, indicative of
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