1. Which of the following terns refers to both the movement of a ribosome along a piece of MRNA and the movement of a piece of one chromosome to another chromosome? (A) Transduction (B) Transgenesis (C) Transformation (D) Translocation (E) Transplantation 2. Which of the following best describes why the polymerase chain reaction is a standard technique used in molecular biology research? (A) It uses inexpensive materials and produces perfect results. (B) It can purify specific sections of a DNA molecule. (C) It can produce large amounts of specific DNA sequences. (D) It can duplicate the entire human genome. (E) It can produce large amounts of MRNA. 3. In humans, the HIV virus primarily attacks which of the following types of cells? (A) Epidermal cells (B) Red blood cells (C) White blood cells (D) Glial cells (E) Neurons 4. Coat color in mice is determined by genes at two loci. When black mice from a particular population mate, they produce offspring in the following ratios: 9 black: 3 brown: 4 white. These results suggest that white coat color is expressed as a result of (A) dominance (B) incomplete dominance (C) codominance (D) a sex-linked trait (E) epistasis Which of the following can be diagnosed by examining a karyotype of an individual's white blood cells? 5. (A) Sickle cell anemia (B) Alzheimer disease (C) Down syndrome (D) Cystic fibrosis (E) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Genetic Recombination
Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.
Microbial Genetics
Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.
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