Please answer these biochemistry questions andbriefly explain1. Which is false about metabolic regulation?A: reactions with a large negative delta G are likelyto be regulatedB: reactions that require ATP are regulatedC: glucagon and epineprine both stimulateglycogen breakdownD: all steps of all metabolic processes under strictregulationI picked D since all steps require sple extent ofregulation however, "strict" regulation is limited tothe irreversible steps2. which is not a redox reaction in electrontransport chain?A: Fe-S accepts e- from NADHB: reiske protein accepts e- from QH23. true or false: proton motive force is createdthrough pumping H+ from matrix to innermembraneI put false, isnt the opposite true? pumping H+ fromIMM to matrix

Metabolic regulation is the control and coordination of metabolic pathways and processes within an…

Answered: 1. Which is false about metabolic…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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6. With the presence of fast-food chains, many people have the opportunity to «have a quick bites while their daily physical activity is decreased. Explain why such a diet leads to obcsity more quickly under hypodynamic conditions. For answer: a) draw the charts of metabolic pathways in adipocytes with their activation leading to increased weight; b) give the origin of substrates, enzymes, ways of using final products; c) draw an appropriate chart and describe the stages of sequential hormonal signal transduction to adipocytes and explain the biological effects of the hormonc.
2A. Red blood cells synthesize and degrade 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) by a detour of the glycolytic pathway, as shown below: glyeeraldehyde 3-phosphate GAP dehydrogenase 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate bisphosphoglycerate mutase ADP phosphoglycerate kinase 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate ATP 3-phosphoglycerate 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase phosphoglycerate mutase 2-phosphoglycerate (i) The bisphosphoglycerate mutase/2,3-bisphosphoglcerate phosphatase reaction is catalyzed by a single enzyme, BPGM. At alkaline pH, BPGM favors the mutase activity while at lower pH, BPGM favors the phosphatase reaction. Use this information, along with the Bohr effect, to explain in the space below how red blood cells respond to a metabolic defect where a patient experiences chronic, elevated levels of lactic acid. I (ii) Individuals with red blood cell phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency suffer from moderate hemolytic anemia (a condition where red blood cells self-destruct before their normal lifespan). They…
1.Sustaining intense exercise requires ATP. Could a someone with a defective gene for the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase meet the ATP demand for sustained and intense exercise? Why or why not? Be sure to support your argument with discussion of the metabolic pathways and tissues impacted. 2.Genetic carriers for metabolic diseases (persons heterozygous for a recessive mutation) produce about half the normal amount of the affected enzyme, but rarely exhibit any symptoms or effects. Rationalize this observation, based on your knowledge of the flux and regulation of metabolic pathways.
Outline how an inability to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan might affect fatty acid oxidation
1. Put together the sequence of components (numbers) that form the glycolysis pathway and the linked reaction. Choose the sequence from the following metabolites. Also mention the step in which NADH/FADH; is formed along with the number. > Acetyl ÇoA > Glucose. > Pyruvate. > Fructose – 1, 6-bisphosphate > Glucose – 6- phosphate. > Phosphoenol – pyruvate. > 1,3– Bisphosphoglycerate. > Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Fructose – 6– phosphate > Glycerol 2-phosphate /2-phosphoglycerate. Dihydroacetone – phosphate.
2. Fatty acid metabolism consists of (catabolic/anabolic) processes that generate (catabolic/anabolic) processes that create biologically important energy, and molecules (triglycerides, phospholipids, second messengers, local hormones and ketone bodies). 3. Which cell organelle (Nucleus, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus) is involved in fatty acid catabolism in mammalian cells? Where does the beta-oxidation take place?
2. A person performs intense exercise (for example, runs away from danger) 30 minutes after a carbohydrate-rich lunch. Why does the glycogen synthesis stop in skeletal muscles in this situation? Why is glycogen breakdown stimulated? To answer the questions: a) write a diagram of glycogen synthesis, specify the reactions associated with energy consumption when a glucose molecule is included in a growing glycogen chain; b) write the glycogen mobilization diagram and calculate the ATP amount that can be produced if glucose 1-phosphate is further oxidized to CO, and H,O in the muscles; c) indicate the hormone with an increased level in blood under stress situations, and how this hormone affects the activity of regulatory enzymes of glycogen synthesis and breakdown.
2. Why are some enzymes needed only in the gluconeogenesis pathway and not in the glycolysis pathway? 3. Which one of the following reactions only occurs during gluconeogenesis (i.e., not during glycolysis)? a. 1,3-bisphosphglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate b. Glucose 6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate c. Oxaloacetate into Phosphoenolpyruvate d. Phosphoenolpyruvate into Pyruvate 4. An increase in glucagon levels can a. Promote the degradation of glycogen (i.e., glycogenolysis) b. Occurs during the fasting state (starvation) c. Promotes the synthesis of glycogen d. A and B 5. A high school girl who is self-conscious about her appearance has been fasting for several days to fit into a dress she intentionally bought a size too small for a school dance. Which of her organs/tissues is producing the glucose that is being synthesized through gluconeogenesis? a. Red blood cells b. Muscles C. Liver d. Brain
7. Which of the following statements about gluconeogenesis is CORRECT? Select one: a. Glucose-6-phosphatase hydrolyzes glucose 6-phosphate to release glucose into the blood. b. Glucose-6-phosphatase hydrolyzes glucose 6-phosphate and is found in liver and muscle. c. Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into fructose-1-phosphate. d. Pyruvate is first converted to phosphoenolpyruvate by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
3. β-oxidation of higher fatty acids:3.1. tissue and intracellular localization of the process3.2. activation of fatty acids3.3. mechanism of fatty acids transport to mitochondria with theparticipation of carnitine
AAUP NIN) May Time le In the central metabolic processes, the following statement is true: O a. Nonspontaneous processes have a positive delta G O b. Nonspontaneous processes can happen alone if an enzyme is present. O c. Spontaneous processes have a positive delta G O d. Spontaneous processes are usually reversible April 26 (Glycolysis.

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1. Which is false about metabolic regulation? A: reactions with a large negative delta G are likely to be regulated B: reactions that require ATP are regulated C: glucagon and epineprine both stimulate glycogen breakdown D: all steps of all metabolic processes under strict regulation