1. Return to our Cournot competition model with two firms. Suppose now that theproducts aren't quite identical. In fact, both firms face different demand functions,a – b(q1 + dq2)a – b(dqn + 42)Pi =P2 =where d is some umber between 0 and 1 that specifies how similar the products are.Everything else about the model remains the same.(a) Calculate the best response functions for each firm. How does the slope of thosebest responses change with d? What happens when d = 0 or d = 1?(b) Calculate the equilibrium prices and quantities in this market. (Note: the firmsare not identical).

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Answered: 1. Return to our Cournot competition…

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Consider Cournot competition with n identical firms. Suppose that the inverse demand function is linear with P(X) = a - bX, where X is total industry output, a; b > 0. Each firm has a linear cost function of the form C(x) = cx, where x stands for per firm output. It is assumed that a > c. a. At the symmetric equilibrium, what are the industry output and price levels? What are the equilibrium per firm output and profit levels? What is the equilibrium social welfare (defined as the difference between the area under the demand function and total cost)? b. Now let m out of n firms merge. Show that the merger is profitable for the m merged firms if and only if it involves a pre-merger market share of 80 percent. c. Show that each of the (n – m) non merged firms is better off after the merger. d. Show that the m-firm merger increases industry price and also lowers consumer welfare.
2) Assume that there are 2 firms producing an identical product. Both firms have the same total cost function TC(q) =q2. The inverse demand function for the firms' output is p=120 Q, where Q is the total output and p is price. 1. What are the equilibrium price, output and profits of each firm if they are competing with each other? (Hint: Consider the equilibrium in a Cournot game.) 2. What happens if they form a cartel? Calculate the equilibrium price, output, and profits for the cartel? 3. If a single firm cheated, what would its output and profits be, assuming the other firm maintains the cartel price? Calculate the new outputs and profits for bath firms: 4. Discuss why it is hard to enforce a cartel. Explain using words. DO NOT do any calculations. DO NOT draw any graphs. 5. What can the cartel members do to enforce the cartel agreement? Propose a method. Describe the method using words. DO NOT do any calculations. DO NOT draw any graphs.
Answer 4 and 4
Let ci be the constant marginal and average cost for firm i (so that firms may have different marginal costs). Suppose demand is given by P=1-Q. Calculate the Nash equilibrium quantities assuming there are two firms in a Cournot market. Also compute market output, market price, firm profits, industry prof- its, consumer surplus, and total welfare. Represent the Nash equilibrium on a best-response function diagram. Show how a reduction in firm 1’s cost would change the equilibrium. Draw a representative isoprofit for firm 1.
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E1 Find Bertrand equilibrium and its outputs for the following asymmetric duopoly:q 1(p1, p2) = 16 - p1 + 0.5 p2, C1(q1) = 4q1;q 2(p1, p2) = 16 + 0.5 p1 - p2, C2(q2) = 6q2.(Note that the average and marginal costs are: AC1=MC1 = c1 = 4, AC2=MC2 = c2 = 6)
Suppose that there are two firms producing a homogenous product and competing in Cournot fashion and let the market demand be given by Q = 360-- Assume for simplicity that each firm operates with zero total cost. Suppose that two firms collude. How much more profit each firm can obtain relative to Cournot competition? 8000 14400 7200 16000
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Select the correct statements. Note: Multiple correct, multiple selections. Topics covered: Stackelberg, Cournot, and Bertrand models. O A. Suppose the inverse market demand function is P (y) = a - by, and the marginal cost of each firm is K (same and constant). In this market, the market price will be higher if the market is a Stackelberg duopoly than the market price if it is a Cournot duopoly market. В. A Stackelberg leader will necessarily make at least as much profit as he would if he acted as a Cournot oligopolist. O C. Suppose, in a Stackelberg duopoly, the follower's output is measured on the horizontal axis. Profits to the follower will increase as we move to isoprofit lines that are further to the left. D. The equilibrium in Bertrand duopoly where both firms sell identical products is Pareto efficient. Е. In Cournot duopoly, if each firm has the same marginal MC = K, each firm produces the same level of output and earns the same profit.
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