1) The market demand curve for mineral water is P=a-bQ. Suppose that there are two firms that produce mineral water, each with a constant marginal cost of c dollars per unit. Fill in the entries for each of the following duopoly models. a) Bertrand model (Price competition). b) Cournot model (quantity competition). c) Collusion. Model Bertrand Q1 Q2 QP (Profit margin)1 (Profit margin)2 Cournot Collusion Write up your analysis, and compare your answers. In which model, firms earn the highest profit margin?

1) The market demand curve for mineral water is P=a-bQ. Suppose that there are two firms that produce mineral water, each with a constant marginal cost of c dollars per unit. Fill in the entries for each of the following duopoly models. a) Bertrand model (Price competition). b) Cournot model (quantity competition). c) Collusion. Model Bertrand Q1 Q2 QP (Profit margin)1 (Profit margin)2 Cournot Collusion Write up your analysis, and compare your answers. In which model, firms earn the highest profit margin?

Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter15: Imperfect Competition

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15.3P

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2. A homogenous good industry consists of two firms (firm 1 and firm 2). Their cost functions are cq and cq2, respectively, where c<2. The market demand function is p=10-Q, where Q=q₁+q₂. (a) Assume that the two firms play the Bertrand price game. Find the firms' choices in the Bertrand-Nash equilibrium. (b) Assume that the two firms play the Cournot quantity game. Find the firms' choices in the Cournot-Nash equilibrium. (c) Assume the two firms play the Stackelberg game with firm 1 as the leader. Find the firms' equilibrium choices in the Stackelberg equilibrium.
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Consider a duopoly with a demand curve given by P = a –bQ, where a and b are positive constants and Q is the total production by the two firms. Firms sell identical goods and have an identical constant marginal cost of production c. Fixed costs are equal to zero. We assume firms choose quantities simultaneously (Cournot competition). a. Obtain the first order condition of profit maximization for each firm. Use graphical analysis and economic intuition to explain what they represent. [30%] b. Obtain the profit maximizing quantity for each firm. Explain what they represent using game theory concepts. [20%] c. Demonstrate using relevant graphical analysis and economic intuition that the results obtained in b are not a Pareto Optimum for the firms involved. [20%] d. How would the graphical analysis in part a change if Firm A had a fixed cost of production?
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1. Two firms (A and B) play a competition game (i.e. Cournot) in which they can choose any Qi from 0 to ¥. The firms have the same cost functions C(Qi) = 10Qi + 0.5Qi2, and thus MCi = 10 + Qi. They face a market demand curve of P = 220 – (QA + QB). a. Assume firm A chooses quantity first. Frim B observes this choice and then chooses its own quantity. What is Frim B's profit as a function of QA and QB? b. Firm B has MRB = 220 – 2QB – QA. What is firm B’s best response to an arbitrary QA selected by firm A? c. Given that firm A expects firm B’s best response, what is firm A’s profit as a function of QA? (Hint: the only unknown variable in the profit function should be QA) d. Firm A has MRA = 150 – 4QA/3. What are the equilibrium QA and QB selected in this game? e. What is the equilibrium price, and how much profit does each firm collect?
3. Consider a duopoly with a demand curve given by P = a -bQ, where a and b are positive constants and Q is the total production by the two firms. Firms sell identical goods and have an identical constant marginal cost of production c. Fixed costs are equal to zero. We assume firms choose quantities simultaneously (Cournot competition). a. Obtain the first order condition of profit maximization for each firm. Use graphical analysis and economic intuition to explain what they represent. b. Obtain the profit maximizing quantity for each firm. Explain what they represent using game theory concepts c. Demonstrate using relevant graphical analysis and economic intuition that the results obtained in b are not a Pareto Optimum for the firms involved. d. How would the graphical analysis in part a change if Firm A had a fixed cost of production
8. Suppose there are two identical firms in an industry who compete by setting quantities. The output of firm 1 is denoted by q1 and that of firm 2 is denoted by 92. Each firm faces a constant marginal cost of 3. Let Q denote total output, 1.e. Qq1 +42. The inverse demand curve in the market is given by P-15-Q (a) Find the Cournot-Nash equilibrium quantity produced by each firm and the market price. (b) If the firms could collude, what would be the total output in the mar- ket? Assuming each firm produces half of the collusive output, what is the profit of each firm?
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Two competing firms produce homogenous products. They also have the iden- tical total cost function: if a firm i produces quantity q, then its total cost is C, (4.) = 2q«- If the two firms compete in quantities (Cournot model of duopoly), then the market demand is P (g1, 2) = 60 – q1 - 2. If the two firms compete in prices (Bertrand model of duopoly) and firm i chooses price then the demand for firm i is P.. 60-P if p, is lower than the competitor's price if p, is higher than the competitor's price if p, is equal to the competitor's price Now consider two scenarios: A. The two firms are two law firms. One unit of product = one hour of labour. B. The two firms are two avocado farms. One unit of product = one ton of avocados. For each of these two scenarios, answer the following questions: (a) Should we use the Cournot model or the Bertrand model to study the firms' compe- tition? (b) Use your model of choice to predict each firm's profit level in equilibrium. (c) If the two firms…
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Assume firms' marginal and average costs are constant and equal to c and that inverse market demand is given by P = a - bQ where a, b > 0. Suppose now the market is served by k firms that choose quantities for their identical products simultaneously. Calculate: i. ii. iii. iv. The Nash equilibrium quantities for the Cournot firms as functions of k. 2 Market output and price as a function of k Firm profit as a function of k Using your answers in i, ii, iii and iv, describe what happen to firm output, market output, market price and firm profit as the number of firms increases.
Two firms produce identical products at zero cost, and theycompete by setting prices. If each firm charges a low price,then both firms earn profits of zero. If each firm charges ahigh price, then each firm earns profits of £30. If one firmcharges a high price and the other firm charges a low price,the firm that charges the lower price earns profits of £50, andthe firm charging the higher price earns profits of zero. (a) Which oligopoly model best describes this situation?(b) Write this game in normal form.(c) Suppose the game is infinitely repeated. Can theplayers sustain the "collusive outcome" as a Nashequilibrium if the interest rate is 50 percent? Explain. Please answer the a, b and c parts.