1.2 Sinusitis and antibiotics, Part I. Researchers studying the effect of antibiotic treatment for acutesinusitis compared to symptomatic treatments randomly assigned 166 adults diagnosed with acute sinusitis toone of two groups: treatment or control. Study participants received either a 10-day course of amoxicillin (anantibiotic) or a placebo similar in appearance and taste. The placebo consisted of symptomatic treatmentssuch as acetaminophen, nasal decongestants, etc. At the end of the 10-day period, patients were asked ifthey experienced improvement in symptoms. The distribution of responses is summarized below.³GroupTreatmentControlTotalSelf-reported improvementin symptomsYes6665131No191635Total8581166(a) What percent of patients in the treatment group experienced improvement in symptoms?(b) What percent experienced improvement in symptoms in the control group?(c) In which group did a higher percentage of patients experience improvement in symptoms?(d) Your findings so far might suggest a real difference in effectiveness of antibiotic and placebo treatmentsfor improving symptoms of sinusitis. However, this is not the only possible conclusion that can be drawnbased on your findings so far. What is one other possible explanation for the observed difference betweenthe percentages of patients in the antibiotic and placebo treatment groups that experience improvementin symptoms of sinusitis?

Given data: Improvement No improvement Total Treatment 66 19 85 Control 65 16 81 Total…

Answered: 1. Researchers studying the effect of…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Rhino viruses typically cause common colds. In a test of the effectiveness of echinacea, 42 of the 47 subjects treated with echinacea developed rhinovirus infections. In a placebo group, 89 of the 102 subjects developed rhinovirus infections. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that echinacea has an effect on rhinovirus infections. Complete parts (a) through (c) below.
Rhino viruses typically cause common colds. In a test of the effectiveness of echinacea, 39 of the 44 subjects treated with echinacea developed rhinovirus infections. In a placebo group, 95 of the 112 subjects developed rhinovirus infections. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that echinacea has an effect on rhinovirus infections. Complete parts (a) through (c) below.
A case-control study is conducted to assess the relationship between heavy alcohol use during the first trimester of pregnancy and miscarriage. Fifty women who suffered miscarriage are enrolled along with 50 who delivered full term. Each participant’s use of alcohol during pregnancy is ascertained. Heavy drinking is defined as 4 or more drinks on one occasion. The data are shown below. Miscarriage Delivered Full Term Heavy Alcohol Use 14 4 No Heavy Alcohol Use 36 46 Compute the odds of miscarriage among women with heavy alcohol use in pregnancy.
A pharmaceutical company is testing a new drug for a rare disease. In a clinical trial, 1000 patients with the disease were randomly assigned to receive either the new drug or a placebo. After one year, it was found that 60% of the patients who received the new drug experienced improvement, compared to only 40% of those who received the placebo. Is the difference in improvement rates statistically significant? Provide your rationale.
Researchers investigate how the presence of cell phones influence the quality of human interaction. Subjects are randomly selected from a population and divided into an experimental group that is asked to leave their phones in the front of the room and a control group that are not asked to leave their cell phones at the front of the room. Subjects are left alone for 10 minutes and then asked to take a survey designed to measure quality of interactions they had with others in the experiment. What statistical test is appropriate?
Hypnosis and Pain. In the paper “An Analysis of Factors That Contribute to the Efficacy of Hypnotic Analgesia” (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 46–51), D. Price and J. Barber examined the effects of hypnosis on pain. They measured response to pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS), in centimeters, where higher VAS indicates greater pain. VAS sensory ratings were made before and after hypnosis on each of 16 subjects. A hypothesis test is to be performed to decide whether, on average, hypnosis reduces pain. a. identify the variable. b. identify the two populations. c. identify the pairs. d. identify the paired-difference variable. e. determine the null and alternative hypotheses. f. classify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed.
(a) and (b)
Acne is a common skin disease that affects most adolescents and can continue into adulthood. A study compared the effectiveness of three acne treatments and a placebo, all in gel form, applied twice daily for 12 weeks. The study's 517 teenage volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. Success was assessed as clear or almost clear skin at the end of the 12 week period. The results of the study can be seen in the table below. Using the appropriate statistical test, determine if there is significant evidence that the four treatments perform differently. If so, how do they compare.
In a certain study, the effect on oat yield was compared for the Pallinup, Overberg and Magnifico varieties of oats and four different concentrations of manure (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 tonnes per acre). Identify the experimental units, response variable, factor(s), levels of each factor and treatments.
In 1972, half of a group of 111 low-income children from Chapel Hill, NC were randomly chosen for enrollment in an intensive pre-school program, while the other half were not enrolled in any preschool program. 30 years later the preschool group had a higher % attending college, higher average GPA for those who did attend college, and higher average wages than the non-preschool group. Fill in the following table. Is there a control treatment (and, if so, what is it)? Is there any accounting for individual variation? Is there repetition in the experiment? Is the experiment reproducible? Can we say with some confidence that preschool has some lasting effects on career outcomes?

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