A case-control study is conducted to assess the relationship between heavy alcohol use during the first trimester of pregnancy and miscarriage. Fifty women who suffered miscarriage are enrolled along with 50 who delivered full term. Each participant’s use of alcohol during pregnancy is ascertained. Heavy drinking is defined as 4 or more drinks on one occasion. The data are shown below. Miscarriage Delivered Full Term Heavy Alcohol Use 14 4 No Heavy Alcohol Use 36 46 Compute the odds of miscarriage among women with heavy alcohol use in pregnancy.
Continuous Probability Distributions
Probability distributions are of two types, which are continuous probability distributions and discrete probability distributions. A continuous probability distribution contains an infinite number of values. For example, if time is infinite: you could count from 0 to a trillion seconds, billion seconds, so on indefinitely. A discrete probability distribution consists of only a countable set of possible values.
Normal Distribution
Suppose we had to design a bathroom weighing scale, how would we decide what should be the range of the weighing machine? Would we take the highest recorded human weight in history and use that as the upper limit for our weighing scale? This may not be a great idea as the sensitivity of the scale would get reduced if the range is too large. At the same time, if we keep the upper limit too low, it may not be usable for a large percentage of the population!
A case-control study is conducted to assess the relationship between heavy alcohol use during the first trimester of pregnancy and miscarriage. Fifty women who suffered miscarriage are enrolled along with 50 who delivered full term. Each participant’s use of alcohol during pregnancy is ascertained. Heavy drinking is defined as 4 or more drinks on one occasion. The data are shown below.
|
|
Miscarriage |
Delivered Full Term |
|
Heavy Alcohol Use |
14 |
4 |
|
No Heavy Alcohol Use |
36 |
46 |
Compute the odds of miscarriage among women with heavy alcohol use in pregnancy.
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