1. Infectious diarrhea results from Rapid gastric emptying of chyme into small intestine     Failure of intestinal mucosa to absorb digested nutrients      Enterotoxins that trigger increased secretions     Dysfunction of enteric nervous system in the colon

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Pick the CORRECT answer and describe WHY it is the correct response. Next, provide a reason why EACH of the other answer options is INCORRECT. Include specific examples to demonstrate your explanations where possible.

1. Infectious diarrhea results from

  1. Rapid gastric emptying of chyme into small intestine    
  2. Failure of intestinal mucosa to absorb digested nutrients     
  3. Enterotoxins that trigger increased secretions    
  4. Dysfunction of enteric nervous system in the colon    

2. Waves of longitudinal smooth muscle contraction  

  1. Divide and mix contents in the intestinal tract    
  2. Propel contents through the intestinal tract    
  3. Reclaim residual water and electrolytes in the intestinal tract    
  4. Initiates propulsion in the entire colon, especially with eating  

3. The pathophysiologic processes underlying peptic ulcer disease include

  1. Stricture of the lower esophageal sphincter      
  2. Erosion of gastric muco-ciliary layer  
  3. Autoimmune reaction to dietary allergens
  4. Increased acid and/or pepsin in gastrointestinal secretions

4. The underlying pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn’s) is a (an)

  1. Functional or physiologic dysfunction of enteric nervous system     
  2. Idiopathic immune reaction involving an abnormal T-cell response  
  3. Failure of ganglionic nerve cells migrate to the colon
  4. Structurally weak points in the colon wall

5. Arterial blood flow to the intestinal tract is supplied by the

  1. Hepatic portal circulation
  2. Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
  3. Myenteric plexus  
  4. Hepatic duct   
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