1. During your Public Health Residency, you are placed in a rural community in northern Nigeria with limited access to healthcare services. You notice that marginalised groups, such as women and children from nomadic Fulani herder families, face significant barriers to accessing essential health services. These barriers include long distances to health facilities, cultural norms restricting women’s mobility, and distrust of formal healthcare due to historical neglect. a. Explain two principles you will apply to advocate for beer access to healthcare for these populations. b. Describe the specific steps you would take to address these disparities while respecting cultural sensitivities and maintaining ethical standards like confidentiality and autonomy. 2. While conducting health assessments during your residency, a community member shares sensitive information about their health status and explicitly asks you not to record it. Your supervisor, however, emphasises the importance of complete data collection for the programme’s success. a. What ethical principles are at risk in this situation? b. How would you handle this situation to balance the ethical principles and the broader goals of public health? Rubric Understanding of key principles (demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of principles such as equity, cultural competence, autonomy, and confidentiality, applying them effectively in responses) Specificity of steps/actions ( clearly describes actionable, realistic, and culturally sensitive steps to address disparities and ethical dilemmas, supported by examples or case specific details. Integration of ethical standards ( thoroughly integrates ethical standards such as respect for confidentiality, autonomy, and beneficence into proposed solutions, balancing these with public health goals. Critical thinking and problem solving ( offers insightful analysis of the challenges, considers multiple perspectives, and proposes innovative, feasible solutions to the issues presented.) Clarity and organisation (response is logically structured, well written, and clearly conveys complex ideas in a concise and professional manner)

1. During your Public Health Residency, you are placed in a rural community in northern Nigeria with limited access to healthcare services. You notice that marginalised groups, such as women and children from nomadic Fulani herder families, face significant barriers to accessing essential health services. These barriers include long distances to health facilities, cultural norms restricting women’s mobility, and distrust of formal healthcare due to historical neglect. a. Explain two principles you will apply to advocate for beer access to healthcare for these populations. b. Describe the specific steps you would take to address these disparities while respecting cultural sensitivities and maintaining ethical standards like confidentiality and autonomy. 2. While conducting health assessments during your residency, a community member shares sensitive information about their health status and explicitly asks you not to record it. Your supervisor, however, emphasises the importance of complete data collection for the programme’s success. a. What ethical principles are at risk in this situation? b. How would you handle this situation to balance the ethical principles and the broader goals of public health? Rubric Understanding of key principles (demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of principles such as equity, cultural competence, autonomy, and confidentiality, applying them effectively in responses) Specificity of steps/actions ( clearly describes actionable, realistic, and culturally sensitive steps to address disparities and ethical dilemmas, supported by examples or case specific details. Integration of ethical standards ( thoroughly integrates ethical standards such as respect for confidentiality, autonomy, and beneficence into proposed solutions, balancing these with public health goals. Critical thinking and problem solving ( offers insightful analysis of the challenges, considers multiple perspectives, and proposes innovative, feasible solutions to the issues presented.) Clarity and organisation (response is logically structured, well written, and clearly conveys complex ideas in a concise and professional manner)