4. Describe the steps in the action potential of a cardiac autorhythmic cell in terms of themembrane potential, ion movements and the state of ion channels during the potential.What are If channels?

Answered: 1. Describe the steps in the actión…

1. Describe the steps in the actión nembrane potential, ion movements and the state of ion channels during the potential. Vhat are If channels?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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4. Describe the steps in the action potential of a cardiac autorhythmic cell in terms of the
membrane potential, ion movements and the state of ion channels during the potential.
What are If channels?

Expert Solution

Step 1

Cardiac muscle cells are specialised auto rhythmic cells which can initiate action potential without the intervention of nerves. Hence in this sense the cells are self excitable.

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Fill in the diagram, your illustration should demonstrate for each phase of the AP: 1. The relative concentration of K and Na 2. The relative voltage across the membrane 3. Any movement across the membrane of K and NA 4. The three kinds of channels in the membrane, and their state (open or closed) 5. Finally, indicate on the graph of the AP which phases correspond to hyper- polarization and which phases correspond to de- polarization Outside Outside Inside Inside Outside Inside Outside 1 Outside Inside Inside
The membrane voltage in graded potentials can be produced by Oopen channels and ligand-gated chanels Ovoltage-gated channels Oligand-gated and mechanically gated channels Oligand-gated channels mechanically gated channels
7. Draw a standard action potential compared to an action potential whose voltage gated potassium channels have been inactivated with tetraethylammonium (TEA). a. Draw the curves. Label all axes. b. Describe how and why they are different.
9. If sodium permeability (Pna) increases compared to normal, what is the effect on the membrane potential? (determine: change in charge on the inside of the membrane and polarity)
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35.Given the following table, calculate the Resting Membrane Potential (in mV, rounded to the nearest tenths), using the GHK equation. Ion [Outside] mM [Inside] mM Relative Permeability at Rest Nernst Potential (mV) K+ 4 130 1.0 -110.2 Na+ 130 5 0.04 67.4 Cl- 75 5 0.45 -97.5