1. Calculate how much energy (J) could be stored in young tendons by Maximal muscle contraction and what are the implications of this finding? Young Tendons: (3096.7 × 0.0047469893²) = 0.0348903J
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- 3.4. About human skeletal muscle contraction, what are the correct statements? PHYSIOLOGY_basic (OJO) A muscle fiber is made by the parallel apposition of sarcomers. Generation of force relies on the formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments. In the process of contraction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required both to drive the actin-myosin association-dissociation cycle and to recycle calcium back to the endoplasmic reticulum. Each muscle fiber is innervated by one neuron only. T tubules are plasma membrane invaginations of the sarcolemma that allow excitation-contraction coupling.96. An investigator is studying the contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in an experimental animal model. Which of the following describes the most likely order of events during this process? 0000000 200602 H) Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Binding of Calcium to Calmodulin 3 1 4 2 4 2 3 Myosin Light Chain Dephosphorylation 2 3 4 3 4 2 1 2 Calcium Entry Into the Cell 4 2 3 1 1 1 3 134. in an experimental study of skeletal muscle function, an isolated muscle strip is electrically stimulated from various initial lengths, and tension is recorded in the graph shown. Compared with initial length A, the greater tension generated at initial length B is the result of which of the following? A) Decrease in intracellular calcium concentration B) Decrease in shortening velocity C) Increase in load D) Increase in numbers of active cross-bridges E) Increase in rate of cross-bridge cycling Maximal tension 8 Skeletal muscle length
- 1. Draw and label the steps of the sliding filament mechanism in skeletal muscle. This should be four parts (Cross- bridge, power stroke, disassociation, reactivation). On each part, be sure to include the following structures: actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin. Also include ATP, myosin ATPase, ADP, Pi, and H* (where important). • Cross-bridge: . Powerstroke: ● Disassociation: ● Reactivation:ney: Load (L) = 5 kgs = Effort E = Fulcrum Weight of forearm = 1.8 kgs L = Load Biceps brachii muscle Distance of load from elbow joint = 35 cm %3D Effort (E) = contraction of biceps brachii Distance of center of mass of forearm from elbow = 17 cm Distance of tendon from elbow = 4 cm A) Draw the free-body diagram to represent the forces and moments Load (L) = weight of object plus forearm B) Write the torque equation for static equilibrium Fulcrum (F) = elbow jointHill's equation gives a relation between muscle contraction rates νν and muscle tension TT (T+α)(ν+β)=(T0+α)β(T+α)(ν+β)=(T0+α)β for positive parameters αα and ββ and resting tension T0T0. Rewrite the equation so that the contraction rate is a function of tension.
- 11 ♥ ab x₂ x A A Aa A.A. Po • synaptic knob of a somatic motor neuron ● sarcolemma • sarcoplasm • sarcoplasmic reticulum . T-tubule EFE | ALT 7. Identify each of the following when given images of skeletal muscle fibers such as the ones below. Practice with this online interactive activity. ● • ryanodine receptor dihydropyridine receptor Neuro muscular junction rds English (United States) Neuron | T-tubule ● ● Cat2 ions action potential spreading along the sarcolemma action potential spreading along the T- tubule . AaBbCcDdEe Normal . Muscle AaBbCcDdi AaBbCcDd A No Spacing Heading 1 interstitial fluid (ISF) = Extracellular fluid (ECF) Movement of action potential RYR receptor Fo17.For the hierarchy of skeletal muscle organization, which accurately lists the order of structures from "small" to "big"?(This is a multiple choice question choose the answer from the choices below) A.skeletal muscle; bundles of muscle fiber; myofibril; muscle fiber; sarcomere B.sarcomere; myofibril; muscle fiber; bundles of muscle fiber; skeletal muscle C.skeletal muscle; sarcomere; muscle fiber; myofibril D.None of the choices are correct.since sarcomeres within skeletal muscles are rigidly aligned with each other what do you think excessive stretch or compression (remember the basic structure of the sarcomere with overlapping thin and thick filaments and the length-tension relationship) will do to the force generation of a muscle contraction?
- As mentioned in class, one additional major use of ATP in skeletal muscle (besides powering the myosin heads) is the recycling of calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum after depolarization. The resting concentration of Ca++ in the muscle cell cytoplasm is about 50-100 nM, and the spike concentration after depolarization is about 10-20 μΜ. a) Consider a single sarcomere. What is the number of free calcium ions within the sarcomere at rest? What is the number of free calcium ions after depolarization? b) The major ion pump responsible for calcium ion recycling is SERCA (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase). SERCA uses one molecule of ATP to pump two calcium ions, and the resting level can be restored in about 10-20 ms. How many molecules of ATP are used in a single sarcomere for pumping calcium in a single "twitch"? c) Assume that a single "twitch" is sufficient to drive one sarcomere from its fully extended length (about 2.5 µm) to its fully contracted length (about 1…The graphs below show the force-versus-shortening-velocity and power-versus- shortening-velocity curves for four muscles in the human lower extremity. Note that these curves show this relationship only for shortening activations (positive shortening velocities), not lengthening activations. And, note that the values displayed on the axes of the graphs are absolute (not normalized) values of force, power, and velocity. These graphs apply to the next three questions. Force vs Shortening Velocity Power vs Shortening Velocity 1,500 400 1,200 300 2 900 200 600 100 300 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Shortening Velocity (m/s) Shortening Velocity (m/s) muscle 1 muscle 3 muscle 2 muscle 4 Force (N) Power (W)The ability of a muscle to generate tension immediately after stimulation is dependent on: myosin interaction with the M line overlap of myosin and actin actin attachments to the Z line none of the above