1. A 1800 ft² sedimentation tank with a water depth of 12 feet is used to remove sand particies from water by settling. The specific gravity of the sand particles is 2.65 and the diameter of the particles is 0.001 cm. The temperature of the water is 60°F (15.6 °C). Adjust both the kinematic viscosity and the density of water accordingly. a. Calculate the settling velocity (m/hr)... b. Assuming this settling velocity is the overflow rate, calculate the hydraulic residence time (hr) ;. c. If the settling velocity of a particle is 0.70 cm/s, what percent of the particles are retained in the clarifier? [-

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Field applications of hydraulic conductivity

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the hydraulic properties of soil defined as a measurement of the ability of a porous medium to permit water movement or fluid flow through it. It is denoted by the letter K. It is influenced by the density and viscosity of the fluid. It is also called permeability. Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the ratio of velocity to the hydraulic gradient. The different methods used to determine the hydraulic conductivity are laboratory methods (constant head permeability tests and falling head tests), in-situ field methods (pumping in and pumping out tests), small scale field tests (infiltration tests and slug tests), and indirect methods such as estimation from grain size, consolidation test data, and horizontal capillary test. The pedotransfer function (PTF) method is a specific empirical estimating approach employed in the soil sciences is also used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil.